Health

Where do you apply salt? According to the special Salt Institute, salt can be used in 14,000 ways! There is no other mineral that has so many uses. The use of salt for preserving foods has been known since antiquity, because conservation made people less dependent on seasonal foods, and also allowed transporting food over long distances. However, salt was difficult to obtain. Thanks to modern production methods, salt has become the most affordable non-metallic mineral in the world, but salt reserves are depleted.

As far back as the Middle Ages, table salt was used as a cleaning agent, the secrets of which were passed down from generation to generation. Of course, at the present time in the store you can find more powerful means of combating stains and dirt, but unlike many other means, salt is not toxic, it is quite inexpensive, and it can always be found in sufficient quantities in any home.

There is a large class of chemicals called salts, but now they mean table salt (sodium chloride). This substance is found in sea water, as well as in intercellular fluids of many multicellular organisms. That is why salt is so important to us. There are several types of salt that are produced for our consumption: unrefined (sea), refined (table) and iodized. Kosher salt is sodium chloride, which is processed to produce flat crystals. There is also the so-called English bitter salt or epsom salt - magnesium sulfate.

We suggest you find out where salt can be used.

In the kitchen

In addition to the fact that salt is eaten, added to various dishes, including sweets, there are many other ways to use salt in the kitchen.

Boiling water.  Many housewives are sure that if you add a pinch of salt to the water, it will boil faster. This is actually not the case. Salt, on the contrary, makes the water boil at a higher temperature, so the cooking time in such water is reduced.

Cooking eggs.  Since salt raises the boiling point of water, it helps egg whites to cook faster. In this case, we are talking about poached eggs, a French dish of broken eggs, which are carefully dipped in boiling water.

Checking the freshness of eggs. In a glass of water, add 2 teaspoons of salt, and then dip the egg in the water. A fresh egg will sink, and a stale egg will float on the surface. As the air cavity in the egg increases over time, old eggs will float. Sometimes this does not mean that the egg is rotten, it’s just older, but it can still be eaten. In order to check whether an egg is rotten or not, it will have to be broken. It is also believed that if, after cooking, the eggs are difficult to peel, it means they are fresh.

Meringue.  In order to whip the proteins easier and better, add a pinch of salt to them.

Prevent darkening of fruits.  Many people use lemon juice or vinegar to prevent peeled apples from darkening, however, you can dip the fruit into slightly salted water.

Peeling nuts.  To make walnuts easier to peel, dip them in salt water for several hours.

Prevention of crystallization of glaze.  In order for the icing on the cakes to not crystallize, add a little salt to it.

Getting rid of the smell on the hands.  If you cut onions or garlic, their smell is absorbed into the skin of your hands for a long time. You can easily get rid of the smell if you rub in your hands the salt mixed with vinegar.

Cheese shelf life extension.  Some cheeses can be moldy when stored in the refrigerator for several days. To keep the cheese better, wrap it in a rag soaked in salt water.

Removing dirt from the stove.  If during cooking, liquid has spilled onto the stove, sprinkle it with salt and continue cooking. Salt will not smoke and give an odor, and then dirt will be easier to remove.

Cleaning

Salt is a very effective cleaning agent. It acts as a catalyst for other substances, such as vinegar and enhances its action to eliminate dirt and odors. To make a soft scrub, add salt and baking soda to the liquid cleaner. Such a paste can be used to clean electrical appliances, enameled dishes, porcelain and so on.

Cleaning drain systems.  In order to get rid of odors and clean the drain systems of grease, regularly pour hot water and salt into the sink.

Cleaning wooden tables.  To get rid of white marks from hot plates or glasses, wipe the stains on a wooden table with a mixture of salt and vegetable oil.

Cleaning cast iron pots.  Pots are easily cleaned of fat, if you first wipe them with a paper towel with salt.

Cleaning dirty cups. Mix the salt with a small amount of liquid dishwashing detergent and wash the cups that have left traces of coffee and tea. The spots will come off easily.

Cleaning the refrigerator.  A mixture of salt and carbonated mineral water will help get rid of the smell in the refrigerator. It is an environmentally friendly product that does not contain any chemicals, so you can not worry about products.

Cleaning copper utensils.  Mix an equal amount of salt, flour and vinegar until gruel is formed, and then rub it into metal dishes. Leave the mixture on the dishes for an hour, then rinse with water and dry.

Getting rid of rust.  Mix salt with tartar and water until gruel forms, treat the mixture with rust and leave to dry completely, then wipe with a brush and polish with a dry soft cloth. If you have not found tartar, you can also use salt and lemon juice.

Cleaning glass coffee pots and jugs.  If the neck of the jug is too narrow and difficult to get to the bottom, you can clean it with salt and small pieces of ice. Add them to the jug and shake vigorously. Salt will help clean the bottom, and ice will stir it well.

Laundry

Removing stains from wine.  If you spilled wine on a tablecloth or on clothes, immediately sprinkle the stain with salt. This will help the wine quickly dig into the salt, and not into the fabric. Then soak the laundry in cold water for 30 minutes and wash it.

Foam when washing.  Usually you use a certain amount of powder when washing, but if you overdo it a little, a lot of foam may appear. A pinch of salt will help reduce the amount of foam.

Drying clothes in the winter.  If you dry your clothes outdoors in the winter, it can freeze, making it harder to dry. To prevent the laundry from freezing, add a little salt at the end of the wash while rinsing.

Removing stains from sweat.  Stir 4 tablespoons of salt in 1 liter of hot water and wash the item in this solution.

Removing blood stains.  Soak a thing in cold salt water, and then wash it in warm water with soap, then boil the laundry. You can boil only cotton, linen or other natural fabrics that withstand high temperatures.

Fight against mold and rust stains.  Treat the stains with a mixture of lemon juice and salt, hang the item to dry in the sun to whiten it, and then rinse and dry it.

Cleaning the iron.  Put salt on a paper towel and wipe the sticky surface of the hot iron.

The color of the fabric. Salt is commonly used in the textile industry, but it can also be used at home for colored items. If the fabric dye fades or rinses off, soak the item in a solution consisting of 2 liters of water, half a glass of vinegar and half a glass of salt. Then rinse in clean water. If the water stains, repeat the procedure. Use this method with plain colors only.

Household

Repelling ants.  Sprinkle salt on the doorstep, on the windowsill and in the places where the ants appear.

Extinguishing the fire on the stove. Keep the salt box next to the stove or oven, and if the fat starts to burn, you can easily put out the flame with the salt. Do not extinguish the flame with water.

Preservation of plucked flowers.  If you add salt to the water, the flowers that stand in it will stay fresh longer. Aspirin and a pinch of sugar give the same effect.

Bouquets of artificial flowers.  You can make beautiful bouquets of artificial and dried flowers, and salt will help. To conveniently arrange flowers in a vase, you can pour salt into it and add a little water. When the salt begins to dry, it will harden, and the flowers will remain in place.

Drops from a candle.  If you soak the candle in very salt water for several hours, then dry and light it well, the wax will not drip too much.

Wall repair.  To cover holes from nails or cracks in plasterboard walls or walls covered with plaster, you can make a slurry consisting of 2 tablespoons of salt, 2 tablespoons of corn starch and about 5 tablespoons of water.

Grass on the terraces.  If you want to get rid of the grass that appears between the bricks or blocks of the terrace floor, carefully sprinkle the cracks with salt and then sprinkle with water or wait until it rains.

Ice on the sidewalks.  So that the paths around your house are not slippery in winter, you can sprinkle them with salt. However, this method should be used very carefully so as not to harm the plants and animals. Salt causes the ice to melt, but gets into the soil and on your shoes. Many cities have already abandoned the use of salt in ice and are replacing it with ordinary sand.

Kebabs.  When cooking meat and vegetables on the grill, so that the coals do not give a lot of heat, they can be sprinkled with salt. Usually liquids are used for this - wine, beer, water, but the liquid cools the coals and the fire loses heat. Salt reduces flames and smoke without cooling coals. Gently pour salt directly on the coals so as not to salt the dish itself.

Personal hygiene

Extend the life of your toothbrush.  Before using a new toothbrush, soak it in salt water so that it lasts longer.

Teeth cleaning.  Mix 1 part iodized salt and 2 parts baking soda, and then brush your teeth with this mixture. The same mixture, but dissolved in water, can be used to rinse the mouth.

Getting rid of wounds in the mouth.  Abscesses in the mouth can be treated with a weak salt solution. Rinse your mouth with a solution several times a day.

Treatment for bee stings.  Immediately after the bite, apply a moistened pinch of salt to the wound to relieve pain and swelling.

Treatment of mosquito bites.  A salt water compress can help with mosquito bites. You can also grease the bite sites with olive oil and salt.

Body Scrub.  After taking a bath, when you have not wiped yourself dry, massage yourself using a little dry salt. This will refresh the skin and increase blood circulation.

Treatment of a sore throat.  Dissolve the salt in warm water and gargle with this solution.

Which salt is better?

Salt is an important dietary supplement, without which it is impossible to prepare so many dishes. When ground, this product has the appearance of small white crystals. Various impurities in the composition of table salt of natural origin can give it shades of gray.
According to the chemical structure, table salt consists of 97% sodium chloride. Other names for this product are rock, table or salt, sodium chloride. In industrial production, such varieties of salt are obtained as peeled or unrefined, finely or coarsely ground, iodized, fluorinated, pure, sea salt.
An admixture of magnesium salts in table salt gives it a bitter aftertaste, and calcium sulphate - an earthy.
They have been mining salt for many millennia. At first, the method of obtaining it was the evaporation of sea or salt lake water, the burning of some plants. Now on an industrial scale, deposits of common salt are being developed on the site of dried up ancient seas, getting it from the halite mineral (rock salt).
In addition to direct use in food, table salt is used as a safe and common preservative for the preservation of products, as a component in the production of hydrochloric acid, soda. The properties of table salt in the form of its strong solution in water have long been used for leather dressing.
The benefits of salt
Salt does not form in the body, so it must necessarily come from the outside, with food. Absorption of salt occurs almost completely in the small intestine. Its removal from the body is carried out using the kidneys, intestines and sweat glands. Excessive loss of sodium and chlorine ions occurs with profuse vomiting, severe diarrhea.
Salt is the main source of sodium and chlorine ions for the body, which are found in all organs and tissues. These ions play an important role in maintaining water-electrolyte balance, including by activating a number of enzymes involved in the regulation of this balance.
The beneficial properties of table salt also lie in the fact that it is involved in conducting nerve impulses and muscle contractions. One fifth of the total daily requirement of salt goes to the production of hydrochloric acid of gastric juice, without which normal digestion is impossible.
With insufficient intake of salt in the body, a person's blood pressure decreases, palpitations become more frequent, convulsive muscle contractions and weakness appear.
In medicine, sodium chloride solutions are used to dilute drugs, to make up for a deficiency of fluid in the body and detoxification. With colds and sinusitis, saline is washed with a nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Salt solutions have weak antiseptic properties. With constipation, enemas help with a solution of sodium chloride, which is able to stimulate peristalsis of the large intestine.
The daily requirement for sodium chloride is about 11 grams, this amount of salt contains 1 teaspoon of salt. In a hot climate with severe sweating, the daily need for table salt is higher, and is 25-30 g. But often the real amount of salt consumed exceeds this figure by 2-3 times. Calorie salt is almost zero.
With the abuse of salt, arterial hypertension develops, the kidneys and the heart work in an intense mode. With its excessive content in the body, water begins to linger, which leads to the occurrence of edema, headaches.
For diseases of the kidneys, liver and cardiovascular system, for rheumatism and obesity, it is recommended to limit salt intake or completely eliminate it.
Salt Poisoning
The use of salt in large quantities can not only negatively affect health, but also cause death. It is known that the lethal dose of sodium chloride is 3 g / kg of weight; these figures were established in experiments on rats. But salt poisoning is more common in pets and birds. Lack of water exacerbates this situation.
When such an amount of salt enters the body, the composition of the blood changes and blood pressure rises sharply. Due to the redistribution of fluid in the body, the functioning of the nervous system is disrupted, blood cells - red blood cells, as well as cells of vital organs are dehydrated. As a result, oxygen delivery to tissues is disrupted, and the body dies.
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For many millennia, table salt was used almost exclusively in food, to protect foods from spoilage, and for salting vegetables.

Small amounts were used to make leathers. To obtain rawhide, loosened skins are treated with a mixture of alum and table salt; salt enhances the tanning effect of alum and dehydrates the skin fibers, thereby preventing them from sticking during drying. For a long time, dyes used table salt for the preparation of mordants, and soap-makers - for salting out soap.

This went on until almost the end of the 18th century, until the development of weaving and spinning, the production of cheap fabrics from cotton, required soda and chlorine. The most suitable raw material for obtaining these products was table salt. In addition, as scientists have established, it could be used in the preparation of glauber's salt and hydrochloric acid, alkalis, paints and many hundreds of other chemical products. For example, canning of leathers also cannot do without the use of table salt: washed skins are dipped in a concentrated salt solution to prevent rotting.

Like salt, people met soda in ancient times. Egyptian craftsmen widely used soda for making glass and degreasing wool, and used it in medicine.

Until the beginning of the XIX century. soda was obtained from the soda lakes of Egypt and some other countries, as well as from plant ash containing sodium salts in their tissues. In the Middle Ages and later, the Spanish barilla soda, which was extracted from a specially bred salsol plant, was famous. In France, the source of plant soda was the Selicore plant, in Scotland it was extracted from algae ash. In the 40s of the XVIII century. French chemist Duhamel de Monceau made an important discovery: he proved that table salt and soda have the same basis - sodium. At that time, sodium was not yet obtained in its free form, and scientists thought that soda was not a chemical compound, but an element, like sulfur or phosphorus.

The discovery of Duhamel prompted scientists to use salt for soda. After all, if nature turns the salt contained in the soil into soda of soda plants, then why can not a person carry out such a metamorphosis in the laboratory?

In 1775, the French Academy of Sciences announced a prize of 12,000 francs for the best way to produce artificial soda. Many methods were proposed for producing soda, but all of them were expensive, unprofitable, and chemists continued to find new ways to produce artificial soda.

In 1789, under the blows of the victorious revolution in France, the absolutist monarchy collapsed. From the very first days of the birth of the new system, the French people had to defend the gains of the revolution with arms in their hands. Surrounded by a ring of hostile states, the young republic was in dire need of ammunition. The base of black powder, which was then used, was saltpeter; potash was needed to produce it.

In 1794, a government message appeared in Paris newspapers: “The republic needs potash for the manufacture of nitrate, and soda could in many cases replace potash; nature gives us immeasurable quantities of table salt from which soda can be extracted. " Many famous French chemists responded to this call - more than 30 proposals were received. The Leblanc method was unanimously recognized as the best.

A mixture of glauber's salt, limestone (or chalk) and coal is heated in large brick ovens. The mass melts with thorough mixing with iron pokers or scrapers. Blue lights appear on the surface of the molten mass, and when they disappear, the alloy is removed from the furnace.

So as a result of the reaction between the constituent parts of the mixture, soda was born. Glauber's salt was obtained by decomposing sodium chloride with sulfuric acid.

LeBlanc’s invention freed France from foreign dependence, but the fate of the scientist himself was very tragic: in 1806, while in deep poverty, he committed suicide. A talented inventor and scientist could not overcome the soullessness and greed of a capitalist society.

Only some time after the death of LeBlanc, sulfur production by his method began to develop rapidly. In many countries of Europe, soda plants appeared, producing hundreds of thousands of tons of soda and other chemical products. However, the LeBlanc method had many shortcomings. The most significant of them is the abundance of waste in the form of hydrogen chloride and calcium sulphide.

In the 30s of the last century, a new, simpler and more profitable way was found to get soda from table salt, but almost 60 years passed before it became widespread. The method is as follows. The concentrated sodium chloride solution is saturated with ammonia, and then carbon dioxide is passed through the brine under pressure, a product of calcining limestone in furnaces. Ammonia interacts with carbon dioxide and water to form ammonium bicarbonate. The latter reacts in an exchange decomposition with sodium chloride and the resulting bicarbonate soda precipitates, which is filtered off and calcined. The result is soda ash, carbon dioxide and water. The gas is again used to saturate the brine. Ammonia is isolated from a solution containing ammonium chloride by heating the solution with lime obtained by calcining limestone. Ammonia is also returned to the production cycle.

Thus, with the ammonia method of producing soda, the amount of waste is much less than with the Leblanc method. Waste is only calcium chloride, which finds some industrial use: calcium chloride solutions are watered with dust solutions, it is introduced into the composition of cooling mixtures, it is used for drying gases, dehydrating ether and other organic liquids, it is used in medicine.

In Russia, the scale of soda production began to expand only in the 80s of the last century, although small soda plants appeared already in the 60s. In 1864, M.P. Prang built a soda factory in Barnaul; at the factory according to the Leblanc method, soda was made from natural glauber salt. The latter was mined from Marmyshansk lakes located in the Kulundinskaya steppe 200 km from Barnaul.

The problem of obtaining soda artificially interested Russian scientists in the XVIII century. Academician Kirill Laxman in 1764, 11 years earlier than Malerba and 27 years earlier than Leblanc, received soda from natural Glauber's salt. He was the first to propose replacing soda and potash with this salt in the production of glass.

At the same time, Russian scientists studied the possibility of industrial use of table salt. Many of them - Kireyevsky, Krupsky, Mendeleev and others - strongly advocated the creation of domestic production of soda. Moreover, even then, it was associated with the production of many important chemical products: sulfuric and hydrochloric acids, sodium sulfate, bertholite, chlorine. Mendeleev wrote that "now it is impossible to imagine the development of industry without the consumption of soda." The appearance on the market of domestic soda, in his opinion, would also provide services to agriculture. Replacing potash with soda in many industries would help conserve forests.

However, the high excise on table salt prevented the successful development of soda production in Russia. Despite the insistent demands of scientists and industrialists, the tsarist government for a long time did not want to remove the excise tax on salt. Only in 1881 were the bonds broken, fettering the emergence of large soda production, and the results were not slow to affect. Two years later, the first large soda factory in the Northern Urals in Berezniki was built, built by the merchant Lyubimov together with the Belgian company Solve. In the 35 years since the foundation of this plant until the Great October Revolution, 878 thousand g of soda ash were produced at the Berezniki plant.

During the years of Soviet power, the Bereznikovsky plant was reconstructed and expanded, soda production increased several times in comparison with the pre-revolutionary one. Most recently, soda, as in Tsarist times, was obtained from natural salt brine pumped out of the earth’s bowels at the plant. Now it is produced from artificial brine, obtained by dissolving potassium waste. This significantly reduced the cost of soda.

Nowadays, a number of large soda plants operate in the Soviet Union.

The use of soda in the national economy has expanded tremendously. Soda is needed not only for soapmakers, glassmakers and textile workers, but also for metallurgists (separation and purification of non-ferrous metals, removal of sulfur from cast iron), dyers, furriers and food service workers (making confectionery and mineral waters, clarification of vegetable oils). A lot of soda is spent on softening the water used in factories, in steam boilers of steam locomotives and power plants. Soda serves as a raw material for many chemical products (magnesia, sodium sulfate, sodium fluoride, etc.).

If all the table salt processed in a year around the world for soda was loaded into freight cars, then the train would stretch from Moscow to Vladivostok.

Most of the salt consumed by the chemical industry goes to the production of soda, caustic soda (caustic soda) and chlorine. Back in 1883, Russian scientists Lidov and Tikhomirov developed an industrial method for producing caustic soda from sodium chloride by electrolysis of its aqueous solutions. In addition to this, along with caustic soda, chlorine is also obtained. Both of these products are very necessary for many sectors of the economy.

In recent years, salt has not only become a source of chemicals, medicines, fertilizers, explosives, but also acquired some new “professions”. It is successfully used for extinguishing burning soot, for hardening steel products. It is used to accelerate the melting of ice, for the preparation of cooling mixtures used in refrigerators. Salt is needed to clarify turpentine and rosin, in the production of higher grades of glove huskies. In the tobacco industry, some varieties of tobacco are treated with salt to improve its quality.

When constructing artificial ponds, usually the walls and bottom of ponds are protected with clay, lined with concrete or asphalt. However, clay does not completely retain water, and concrete and asphalt are too expensive. It was necessary to find some cheap and at the same time quite waterproof material. Academician A.N. Sokolovsky became interested in this problem several years ago. Studying the properties of soils, he noticed that the soil, saturated with salt, does not pass water. Salt fills the pores of the soil, makes it waterproof. Such soils are called salt marshes, often their surface is covered with a thin snow-white coating of salt.

In the steppes of Kazakhstan and Crimea, in the Caspian littoral and Dnieper regions, small lakes are formed on salt marshes in early spring, which sometimes do not dry out until the end of summer. Sokolovsky’s laboratory made such an artificial “lake”. Soil was poured onto a thin sieve inserted into the funnel and washed with a solution of sodium chloride; an artificial salt marsh was formed. But in natural conditions the saline is watered by rains, washed by melt spring water. Therefore, fresh water was poured through the funnel. At first, it seeped fairly quickly - about 30-50 drops per minute, but gradually the drops fell less and less, and finally they were gone. Water does not seep through a thin layer of earth - only 3-4 mm, turned into a solonetz.

Consequently, if you cover the walls and bottom of any reservoir with a thin layer of soil saturated with salt, there will be no leakage. Sokolovsky’s experiments on salinization of irrigation canals on some Volga collective farms were successful — water leakage completely stopped.

The salinization of reservoirs begins to be widely used in Ukraine, in the Lower Volga region, and Uzbekistan. Salt successfully replaces asphalt and concrete. In addition, soil treatment with salt solution is much cheaper than coating with asphalt or concrete. After all, for salinization, you can take dirty, non-edible salt, waste from some chemical plants.

Invaluable services are provided by salt to builders. For example, in winter, during the construction of the Bratsk hydroelectric power station, clay soil froze and turned into hard stone. Even excavators and bulldozers could not cope with frozen ground. The Leningrad Civil Engineering Institute has developed a way to protect clay soil from freezing. Plots of land on which ditches or pits should be dug in winter are densely sprinkled with salt, and then even in the most severe frosts the earth remains soft.

Salt is a substance of inexhaustible possibilities. Already, there are more than a thousand different ways of its application. And how many of them, and what unexpected ones, will appear in our atomic age! ..

Salts are organic and inorganic chemicals of complex composition. In chemical theory there is no rigorous and definitive definition of salts. They can be described as compounds:
- consisting of anions and cations;
- resulting from the interaction of acids and bases;
- consisting of acid residues and metal ions.

Acidic residues can be bound not with metal atoms, but with ammonium ions (NH 4) +, phosphonium (PH 4) +, hydroxonium (H 3 O) + and some others.

Types of Salts

- Acidic, medium, basic. If in an acid all hydrogen protons are replaced by metal ions, then such salts are called average, for example, NaCl. If hydrogen is only partially substituted, then such salts are acidic, e.g. KHSO 4 and NaH 2 PO 4. If the hydroxyl groups (OH) - bases are not completely replaced by the acid residue, then the salt is basic, for example. CuCl (OH), Al (OH) SO 4.

- Simple, double, mixed. Simple salts consist of one metal and one acid residue, for example, K 2 SO 4. In double salts, two metals, for example KAl (SO 4) 2. In mixed salts, two acid residues, e.g. AgClBr.

- Organic and inorganic.
- Complex salts with a complex ion: K 2, Cl 2 and others.
- Crystal hydrates and crystalline solvates.
- Crystal hydrates with molecules of crystallization water. CaSO 4 * 2H 2 O.
- Crystal solvates with solvent molecules. For example, LiCl in liquid ammonia NH 3 gives a solvate LiCl * 5NH 3.
- Oxygen-containing and not containing oxygen.
- Internal, otherwise called bipolar ions.

The properties

Most salts are high melting point solids that do not conduct current. Solubility in water is an important characteristic; on its basis, reagents are divided into water-soluble, sparingly soluble and insoluble. Many salts are soluble in organic solvents.

Salts react:
- with more active metals;
- with acids, bases, other salts, if during the reaction substances are obtained that are not involved in the further reaction, for example, gas, insoluble precipitate, water. They decompose upon heating and hydrolyze in water.

In nature, salts are widespread in the form of minerals, brines, salt deposits. They are also mined from sea water, mountain ores.

Salts are essential for the human body. Iron salts are needed to replenish hemoglobin, calcium - participate in the formation of the skeleton, magnesium - regulate the activity of the gastrointestinal tract.

The use of salts

Salts are actively used in production, household, agriculture, medicine, food industry, chemical synthesis and analysis, and in laboratory practice. Here are just a few areas of their application:

- Nitrates of sodium, potassium, calcium and ammonium (nitrate); calcium phosphate, potassium chloride - raw materials for the production of fertilizers.
- Sodium chloride is necessary for the production of edible salt, it is used in the chemical industry for the production of chlorine, soda, caustic soda.
- Sodium hypochlorite is a popular bleach and water disinfectant.
- Salts of acetic acid (acetates) are used in the food industry as preservatives (potassium and calcium acetic acid); in medicine for the manufacture of medicines, in the cosmetic industry (sodium acetic acid), for many other purposes.
- Potassium and chromium potassium alum are in demand in medicine, the food industry; for dyeing fabrics, leathers, furs.
- Many salts are used as fixals for determining the chemical composition of substances, water quality, acidity, etc.

In our store in a wide assortment of salts, both organic and inorganic.

Medical Directory / Food / P Salt Salt is a food product. Externally, salt is small white crystals. It is produced in various forms, for example, finely or coarsely ground, iodized or pure, fluorinated, marine, etc. It is used for the most part for culinary purposes, namely, for the preparation of the vast majority of dishes. Salt has other names: table salt, rock salt, table salt. In chemistry, it is called "sodium chloride." Salt Properties In order for the salt to be in exactly the form in which we are accustomed to see it, it is ground to the state of crystals. Due to various impurities, it may not be white, but darker, gray shades. 97% sodium chloride consists of sodium chloride. Depending on the impurities in it, salt changes not only color, but also taste. So, because of magnesium, it is slightly bitter, and because of calcium sulfate, its taste can be called earthy. In addition to the main use of salt in food, to give the dishes the proper taste, it is also used as a natural and safe preservative, with which you can save food for a long time. Calorie salt is practically absent. The benefits of salt Salt is very important for the human body in reasonable quantities. Our body cannot produce it on its own, so it must come with products. At moderate doses, salt is actively excreted from the body unnoticed by humans. Salt is considered the main and main source of chlorine and sodium ions, which are present in all tissues and organs. They are necessary for water-electrolyte balance. In addition, salt is one of the conductive components of nerve impulses and muscle contractions. 1/5 of the daily norm of salt is sent to produce a constituent element of the juice of the stomach - hydrochloric acid. This acid is very important, because without it, digestion simply can not proceed. If there is not enough salt in the body, then you can notice a decrease in pressure, an accelerated heartbeat, weakness and even convulsion will appear. For medical purposes, salt is used as a solution that helps to compensate for the lack of fluid and to cleanse the body of harmful substances. The salt solution is familiar to many as a means for washing the nose and sinuses with various colds, as well as with sinusitis. Such a solution has a mild antiseptic property. With constipation, a solution is also made from salt and used for enemas. The daily requirement of the body for salt is not so great - just 1 teaspoon is enough. The use of salt Salt is added with a pinch or through a salt shaker to the food, giving it a pleasant and brighter flavor. It can be added to all dishes, even to sweet ones (naturally, at the stage of cooking). It is also used for medical purposes as a solution. Often salt is used in everyday life: there are quite a large number of “recipes” in which salt can help the housewives, for example: get rid of plaque in a vase, give "life" to artificial flowers; make the broom last longer; get rid of stains of red wine; get rid of water stains from a wooden surface; renew sponge;

HEALING AND USEFUL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM SALT Good day, dear reader! The topic of this article may seem trite, since we are so used to ordinary table salt that we absolutely do not take it seriously. But, despite this, she has a number of useful chemical properties, which we do not even know about. Acquaintance of a person with table salt occurred in ancient times. Then it was mined by burning certain plants, the ash of which served as salt seasoning. Salt maintains the water-salt balance in the body. Without it, the incoming water does not deliver the necessary nutrition to the cells, since it is rapidly excreted. It provides the normal state of all muscles and neurons of the brain, perfectly adapted to human biorhythms. Its shortage is compensated by the destruction of bone and muscle tissue with the manifestation of digestive disorders, smooth muscle spasms, depression, nervous and mental diseases. Medical studies show that a person can withstand salt-free food for up to ten days. Salt is an important seasoning that has a peculiar taste and eliminates food freshness. However, many do not know about its amazing useful properties and practical universality in different situations of life. The taste of grapefruits increases significantly if you sprinkle their slices with salt before eating. It contributes to the simultaneously enhanced release of juice by them, which is used in its collection. To save the butter from melting in hot weather, wrap the oiler in a napkin soaked in salt water. A strong saline solution in cold form eliminates the muddy smell of fresh fish and the unpleasant meat smell in 10-15 minutes. Prevent the appearance of mold in an open jar of tomato paste will help to fill it with fine salt on top, followed by watering with sunflower oil. Pouring a small amount of salt under the molds will prevent the dough from burning when baking in the oven. To reduce fat spatter during frying, lightly pre-sprinkle the pan with salt. To clean small young potatoes, the abrasive properties of salt are effectively used. The potatoes are soaked and placed in a plastic bag, where coarse salt is poured. Then the contents are rubbed with palms. Adding a little salt to the water will ensure that the eggs are cooked without cracking. The cream will whip much faster after adding a pinch of salt. The leftover food that is burnt at the bottom of the pan will be wiped off loosely with a washcloth after pouring salt into it, pouring a little cold water and 1-2 hours of sediment. To prevent fingers from slipping while cleaning the fish, they are dipped in salt. To eliminate the smell of onions and garlic on the hands after cutting and cutting, apply manual rubbing with wet salt, followed by washing. The new enameled dishes boiled with salt water will last longer. Dry salt easily cleans tea plaque from porcelain cups. Salted vinegar washes away yellow spots from sinks and bathtubs. Salted water in the heating pad retains heat for a longer time. The high heat capacity of the salt allows you to use it instead of a heating pad after heating in a pan and filling it with a linen bag. Salt added to starch during washing gives shine to the laundry. The grease that has fallen on clothing is sprinkled with salt and gently rubbed until the stain disappears. Roughness from the surface of the iron is removed by ironing it in a slightly heated state with paper sprinkled on it (in a thin layer) with fine, clean salt. The salt plates placed in the apartment will eliminate the smell of oil paint after repair. Soaked in saline for an hour and dried candles burn longer and less spread. Firewood sprinkled with coarse salt quickly ignites, burns slowly and evenly. To extend the service of the broom, it must be placed for one and a half to two hours in a hot salt solution. Watering the grass with strong saline in hot form eliminates its further growth. Spreading salt over ice on a pavement or elsewhere leads to its rapid melting. Burdock overgrowth is completely eliminated with salt. Pre-cut off the surface of the earth its stems, and the lower sections are covered with coarse salt. The burdock will be gone. Salt is an antiseptic, the presence of which even in small quantities (up to 10%) prevents the growth of decay and fermentation bacteria, which contributes to its widespread use in the conservation of food products, organic materials. As you can see, there are really many unique properties in table salt: many of them are really useful and, despite the fact that many claim that salt is a white poison, when used correctly, salt can show its truly unique qualities.

The secret of salt, its beneficial and harmful properties

  Jul 28, 2014 ... salt is more expensive than gold, because you can live without gold, but you cannot live without salt.

Cassiodor Flavius \u200b\u200bMagnus Aurelius, writer and consul of ancient Rome

Among all natural mineral salts, the most important one, which we call simply “salt”.

A. E. Fersman, Russian geochemist and mineralogist

The history of salt

Saltlike water, fire is one of those few things on Earth that are given by the Creator and Creator to the needs of all mankind.

Everything in this world is either fresh - or salty, others are not given.

Salt has been used by humans for over 10 thousand years.

Homer called her "divine."

Salt  there is a symbol of health and a symbol of death.

The fresco of Leonardo da Vinci's “Secret Vech” on the table shows a salt shaker.

Exactly so, Judas, dipping his hand in bread and salt, showed the devil at Jesus, thereby betraying him.

It may be believed that salt should not be given in the evening on the eve of church holidays, and especially on the eve of pure Thursday.

It has been proven that salt carries positive energy.

Any ceremony, wedding, arrival of important guests uses bread and salt. People are greeted with bread and salt, expressing their disposition to them with the wish of good, health, good appetite.

“Sharing bread and salt” meant to endure all the hardships in life, in friendship. Hence, if you spill salt - to a quarrel ...

A good Russian proverb says: "Not just a pound of salt was eaten together ...".

And also the expression " Salt of the earth"Means the essence, the most important and valuable thing in this world.

From ancient times, salt was a kind of amulet in Russia from hostile forces.

Salt never deteriorates, does not succumb to fire, and if water enters it, it does not lose its properties. Maybe that's why the salt of most nations is a symbol of fidelity and constancy. Some tribes still seal their treaties with salt.

Without salt, human life and activity are unthinkable. Salt is always and everywhere near people.

There were times when salt was not always, and was not accessible to everyone, because of it bloody wars were waged. In Russia, due to high taxes on imported salt, salt riots were organized (1648).

Salt was expensive, therefore it was served only on the tables of important and dear guests, it was inaccessible to ordinary people. Hence the expression “not salty”, i.e. without sitting at the festive table.

Salt is the key to life. And today, salt is important to people. In any gatehouse - in the wildest corner of the lifeless taiga, where a person has stayed, you will always find a box of matches and a can of salt - as a symbol of survival.

For the peoples of the North, this is the first indispensable of a number of strategic products. Being the simplest and most affordable preservative, salt helps to save people food: fish and meat for a long warm season.

The attitude to salt in the modern world has become ambivalent.

Let's try to understand the origin of table salt, what is its use and harm of use.

Salt, the chemical formula of NACL, sodium chloride, in nature the mineral gallite is a white powder, odorless with a specific bitter - salty taste.

In addition to sodium chloride, table salt contains potassium, magnesium, calcium, manganese, copper, iron, so necessary for our body.

The healing properties of salt

• It has been noticed that people working in the extraction of salt in salt mines almost do not suffer from colds and flu, they are not tormented by asthma and cough, most likely due to the fact that they breathe air saturated with vapors of rock salt.
• Since ancient times, salt has been considered the key to youth and beauty. To preserve them, it was recommended to rub honey with salt into the skin.
• For sore throat, stomatitis, or toothache, the following recipe helps: dissolve a half-teaspoon of salt and the same amount of soda in a glass of water and add a few drops of iodine. Such a solution even relieves edema caused by dental disease, various fistulas and cysts.
• For pain, indigestion, drinking water with salt is also recommended.
• Salt is an excellent antiseptic; in abscesses, apply a bandage soaked in a strong saline solution. During the war, in the absence of antiseptic drugs, salt was widely used in camp hospitals.
• An insect has bitten - lubricate the bite, itching and pain will pass.
• Salt is an excellent preservative, indispensable in salting, in preserving vegetables and other products.
• Without salt, the most important physiological processes in humans and animals are impossible.
• Salt is part of the blood, lymph, saliva, gastric juice, and bile. Thanks to salt, the necessary osmotic pressure is provided, on which the normal vital activity of cells depends.
• Salt is the source of the formation of hydrochloric acid, necessary for digestion. Thus, without salt, the process of digesting food slows down.
• Salt supplies the body with chlorine - an element necessary for it to maintain the acid-base balance (between potassium, sodium and chlorine). In violation of this ratio, a person experiences ailments: pressure surges, interruptions in the work of the heart, edema and even convulsions.
• Man cannot live without salt. Water washes along with slag and sodium chloride from our body, thereby upsetting the water balance inside it. After all, namely, salt retains water in the body, which is why it is so important on hot days so that thirst does not torment, eat a little salt. All travelers, inhabitants of the steppes, explorers of deserts and taiga know this.

Harmful salt.

As the great Paracelsus said: "Everything is poison and everything is medicine, and only the dose distinguishes one from the other." So salt can be the strongest poison. The dose of salt 10 times higher than necessary is fatal.

The average daily intake for an adult is 10 grams (3-5 grams of salt in cold countries and up to 20 grams in hot countries).

Excessive and even just increased salt intake in food is harmful to health through its consequences:

• increases the risk of heart disease,

Salt

Salt is an important dietary supplement, without which it is impossible to prepare so many dishes. When ground, this product has the appearance of small white crystals. Various impurities in the composition of table salt of natural origin can give it shades of gray.

According to the chemical structure, table salt consists of 97% sodium chloride. Other names for this product are rock, table or salt, sodium chloride. In industrial production, such varieties of salt are obtained as peeled or unrefined, finely or coarsely ground, iodized, fluorinated, pure, sea salt.

An admixture of magnesium salts in table salt gives it a bitter aftertaste, and calcium sulphate - an earthy.

They have been mining salt for many millennia. At first, the method of obtaining it was the evaporation of sea or salt lake water, the burning of some plants. Now on an industrial scale, deposits of common salt are being developed on the site of dried up ancient seas, getting it from the halite mineral (rock salt).

In addition to direct use in food, table salt is used as a safe and common preservative for the preservation of products, as a component in the production of hydrochloric acid, soda. The properties of table salt in the form of its strong solution in water have long been used for leather dressing.

The benefits of salt

Salt does not form in the body, so it must necessarily come from the outside, with food. Absorption of salt occurs almost completely in the small intestine. Its removal from the body is carried out using the kidneys, intestines and sweat glands. Excessive loss of sodium and chlorine ions occurs with profuse vomiting, severe diarrhea.

Salt is the main source of sodium and chlorine ions for the body, which are found in all organs and tissues. These ions play an important role in maintaining water-electrolyte balance, including by activating a number of enzymes involved in the regulation of this balance.

The beneficial properties of table salt also lie in the fact that it is involved in conducting nerve impulses and muscle contractions. One fifth of the total daily requirement of salt goes to the production of hydrochloric acid of gastric juice, without which normal digestion is impossible.

With insufficient intake of salt in the body, a person's blood pressure decreases, palpitations become more frequent, convulsive muscle contractions and weakness appear.

In medicine, sodium chloride solutions are used to dilute drugs, to make up for a deficiency of fluid in the body and detoxification. With colds and sinusitis, saline is washed with a nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Salt solutions have weak antiseptic properties. With constipation, enemas help with a solution of sodium chloride, which is able to stimulate peristalsis of the large intestine.

The daily requirement for sodium chloride is about 11 grams, this amount of salt contains 1 teaspoon of salt. In a hot climate with severe sweating, the daily need for table salt is higher, and is 25-30 g. But often the real amount of salt consumed exceeds this figure by 2-3 times. Calorie salt is almost zero.

With the abuse of salt, arterial hypertension develops, the kidneys and the heart work in an intense mode. With its excessive content in the body, water begins to linger, which leads to the occurrence of edema, headaches.

For diseases of the kidneys, liver and cardiovascular system, for rheumatism and obesity, it is recommended to limit salt intake or completely eliminate it.

Salt Poisoning

The use of salt in large quantities can not only negatively affect health, but also cause death. It is known that the lethal dose of sodium chloride is 3 g / kg of weight; these figures were established in experiments on rats. But salt poisoning is more common in pets and birds. Lack of water exacerbates this situation.

When such an amount of salt enters the body, the composition of the blood changes and blood pressure rises sharply. Due to the redistribution of fluid in the body, the functioning of the nervous system is disrupted, blood cells - red blood cells, as well as cells of vital organs are dehydrated. As a result, oxygen delivery to tissues is disrupted, and the body dies.

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Salt

Salt is called one of the most popular and common foods. It must be added in the process of preparing a wide variety of dishes. Salt has the appearance of small white crystals, which, depending on the content of impurities of other mineral salts, can have different shades. The color and degree of purification of salt can also affect the color of salt crystals.

Currently, table salt is presented in a wide range. Its most popular varieties include sea salt, iodized and pure salt, purified and unrefined salt. In addition, this product differs in the type of grinding - it can be large or small.

Useful properties and composition

Due to the fact that the human body does not produce natural salt, table salt can rightfully be considered one of the important and irreplaceable food products. For the normal production of gastric juice, a person needs to eat a certain amount of edible salt every day. It is worth noting that in order to produce the necessary amount of gastric juice, twenty percent of all the salt that enters the human body along with food is enough. Some people completely refuse salt, however, it is extremely unreasonable to do this, because the absence of this product or its insufficient use can cause general weakness, muscle cramps, palpitations, decreased blood pressure, and many other unpleasant symptoms.

Salt contains the most important and necessary minerals - calcium, potassium, magnesium, zinc, iron, selenium, manganese, copper, sodium and fluorine. A cat calorie content of this product is at a minimum level.

In moderation, table salt may be beneficial to the human body. It has the ability to regulate the level of sugar in human blood, and therefore reduces the need for insulin for people with diabetes.

In addition, salt helps to normalize the acidity inside the cells. It brings special benefits to brain cells. Lack of salt can lead to very serious consequences, including Alzheimer's disease.

Harm and contraindications

In no case should you abuse salt. An overdose of this product can cause fluid retention in the body, resulting in swelling. In addition, excessive amounts of salts can cause severe headaches and excessive load of the heart muscle.

No more than ten grams of salt can be consumed per day. Therefore, it is necessary to control the daily consumption of this product. The highest content of salt is distinguished by such products as salted and smoked fish, sauerkraut, feta cheese, sausage, as well as olives. In addition, sodium chloride is present in significant quantities in alkaline mineral waters.

People who have problems with the circulatory process and the cardiovascular system are not recommended to get too addicted to salt. The same applies to those who suffer from ailments such as rheumatism, hypertension, and obesity.

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