Decorative plates are extremely popular as an interior decoration. They are made not only in factories, using materials traditional for dishes. At home, a decorative plate can be made, for example, from salted dough. This is a simple material that, in creative hands, easily turns into extraordinary things.

Master class: do-it-yourself decorative plate of salted dough

Salt dough sculpting is a simple task, but it requires adherence to some nuances. If you've never done a job like this before, be sure to check it out. Salt dough is kneaded from water and fine salt in a ratio of 1: 1: 1 (approximately) and ordinary flour. Dissolve the salt in water, and then add as much flour as needed for a tough dough.

Let's give the product the desired shape using an ordinary plate. Roll out the dough on the table, put it on a plate, cut off the excess edges with a knife and bend it down a little.

The optimal dough thickness is 4-6 mm. A base that is too thick will take a long time to dry, and a thin base is likely to crack. After several days of drying - better not in the open sun - this is the plate that turns out:

If a dough product lags well behind a real plate, then it is already dry.

We will make decorations from the remains of the dough: mushrooms, berries, spikelets, leaves and small flowers.

When they are dry, paint them on the back with gouache paints.

Let's start painting the plate. Here you will need oil paints that will cover the dough well.

We also paint the edges of the plate with oil.

Oil paints dry for a long time, so the craft will again have to be left for a while. When the oil is dry, we proceed to the final stage - decorating the product. We glue all the elements on super-glue, creating a certain ornament.

We also paint them on top with oil paints.

Oil paints do not need lacquer protection. But for additional shine and strength, the decorative plate can also be covered with transparent varnish.

Anna Omelchenko

I work in school and combine psychology with art lessons. At home with my daughter, we love to create various crafts... This year I underwent a retraining in arts and crafts, the topic of my thesis was “Modeling from salt dough as a means of developing children's creativity ”. And when in the kindergarten we were offered to participate in the competition crafts on the Cossack theme, we agreed. Your attention is our creation. Craft from salt dough"Cossack yard". Recipe the test is known to many, so I will not repeat it) We worked with my daughter. First kneaded dough, then we started sculpting the figures. We had to work in a short time, so the figures were dried in the oven with the door open at the weakest setting. When the elements were dry, we painted them with watercolors. I covered the glass from the frame with a linen cloth, then with the help of superglue I glued the already painted parts, covered it with nail polish with sparkles on top.

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Cossack component in applied art

(modeling from salt dough).

School age is a favorable period for introducing a child to the world of arts and crafts. Acquaintance with the works of folk art contributes to the education of patriotic and international feelings in schoolchildren, forms an artistic taste, aesthetic perception, the ability to see and feel harmony, to live and create according to the laws of beauty.

At present, in the artistic and aesthetic education of schoolchildren in the Volgograd region, great importance is attached to acquainting children with the decorative and applied art of the Don Cossacks. Schoolchildren can get acquainted with the diversity of the subject and natural environment of their small homeland, with the peculiarities of costume, architecture, Cossack life, and Don art crafts in the course of specially organized circle classes.

Dough plastic is molding from salt dough, a material that makes it possible to embody the most interesting and complex ideas and keep the result obtained for a long time. It is this technique that can become a system-forming type of visual activity in reflecting the motives of the traditional crafts of the Don Cossacks.

1. Cossack costume.

The national costume of the Don Cossacks is unique, it does not look like the costume of the Great Russians. The Donets have always stood out for their appearance, the original look of the Don Cossack clothing has been developing for centuries, and the Cossacks were jealous of their independence. On the Don, they were very fond of clothes of bright, picturesque colors, which the Cossacks brought from their campaigns. Many dressed in rich Turkish, Circassian and Kalmyk dresses, adorned themselves with weapons, framed with Asian luxury in silver and gold.

Look at the old clothes of the Don Cossacks.

For the Cossacks, a long, slightly fitted uniform of dark blue color had a slit to facilitate getting into the saddle and fastened with hooks on the left hollow top. A red edging was sewn into the standing collar and cuffs of the sleeves of the uniform. Dark blue harem pants, trimmed with red piping, tucked into boots. Hats and caps served as headdresses.

The ancient outfit of grassroots Cossacks combined elements of Russian, Turkish and Tatar costume. The similarity to the Turkish costume was given by the presence of satin pants, as well as a long shirt, the upper part of which was made of silk, the sleeves and shoulders were made of brocade, and the hem was made of linen. The shoes were soft morocco boots.

Then the Cossack women wore blouses with a peplum (frill along the bottom edge). They had a stand-up collar, long sleeves and a small button fastening located in front. Such blouses were called - cuirass. To add pomp to the costume, they wore petticoats, sometimes there were four or five of them. During this period, a cap was considered a women's headdress - a woven bag ending in a small fringe. Women began to wear the cap after the wedding ceremony. Aprons - "curtains, curtains" were worn with everyday and festive costumes. Shoes - high boots with lacing, tight-fitting leg, with a low curved heel or homemade chirps - shoes with a hard sole with a wide heel and blunt toe.

Elegant clothes were worn with European-type shoes - leather boots with laces (gusariki) and buttons (leggings - high boots with a fastener on the side) and low-heeled shoes with narrow toes - barrets. Husariki- festive colored leather boots with heels with lacing in front, at the end of the 19th century they were worn by girls and women from wealthy families. Elderly women wore boots with wire, in which only the heel, sides and toe were trimmed with leather; wore them with galoshes. And in the harsh winter, only men and women from wealthy families wore felt boots. Boots with short tops were called boots, they were worn around the house, and with long ones on the road.

A young Cossack woman with a festive outfit put on her hair fayshonka... This silk black lace scarf of whooping cough, tied in the form of a knot of hair with the ends that were tied at the back with a bow, adorned the woman very much, the hay was very popular.

Tattoo- the headdress of married young women, which was an oval-shaped silk hat on a solid frame made of cardboard or glued canvas with a chintz lining. The silk of the cap was usually folded. The headpieces were decorated with ribbons, bows, lace.

Children's works made of salt dough.

2. Cossack way of life.

The dwelling of the Cossacks was called - Cossack Kuren.

The word "kuren" comes from the Mongolian "smoking", which means a camp in the shape of a circle. It was possible to get to the kuren by going up the gallery-balcony, closed on all sides. At first, it was intended from the raids of enemies.

The upper room, the main smoking room, was always tidy. Everything is traditional here. Each item had its own strictly determined place. In the front, red corner there were icons, among which the icon of St. Nicholas the Pleasant, especially revered by the Cossacks, was almost obligatory. A bed was placed against a blank wall; among the Cossacks, it was considered not only a household item, but also a kind of measure of well-being in the family. Opposite the upper room is a pantry room, where there are two chests: a marching troop and a forged one, in which the bride's dowry was kept. Cossacks prepared food, ate and drank in the kitchen-hut (cooking). Here on the shelves you can find a variety of crockery and utensils.

In the interior decoration of the house, the Cossacks took a lot from the mountaineers, Tatars and other peoples. The walls of the "upper room" (or hall) were decorated with carpets. Weapons and horse harness were hung on them. Family portraits and paintings were placed on vacant lots. In everyday life, they used earthenware ("mahotkas", "makitras", jugs, cups (bowls)) and metal utensils (knives, spoons, tongs), coffee pots, samovars. In any house there was at least one rare thing brought by a Cossack from afar (copper and silver vessels, dishes, art glass, etc.).

In the 2nd half of the 19th century. Cossacks pay much more attention to the arrangement of life. The familiar and previously unknown objects and mechanisms are updated. Specialization in various types of economic activity is developing. Imported furniture, utensils and clothes are being replaced by things of local manufacture to order, taking into account the taste of the consumer. Chairs, various wardrobes, chests, chests of drawers, corner tables and much more appear instead of benches.

Cossack estates - courtyards with barns and sheds, cattle yards-bases were kept clean and tidy. There is a separate building for each service. That is, a separate stable is the most expensive building in the estate (sometimes more expensive than a kuren), as a rule, stone, brick, adobe or wood; separately - a cowshed, a chicken coop, a pigsty, sheds, barns.

Special mention should be made of summer kitchens (letnitsa). Letnitsa is a purely Cossack building, and, I must say, reasonable. In the summer house, food was prepared from spring to late autumn, and here the family often ate, which freed the house from the kitchen crush and utensils.

Often, next to the summer kitchen, you can see a small primitive furnace (forge) made of bricks under a small canopy. For convenience, a table and benches were placed near the stove, at which the family dined in the summer.

No less important building was the well "crane" - the name is directly related to the bird crane, because the appearance of the well resembles this bird standing on one leg and drinking water.

All Cossack farmsteads are fenced with fences called "Scourges" - from the word weave. Very often the Cossacks themselves weaved these fences in order to avoid the skoda of animals. They were woven from vines, which were harvested in early spring. Fences could be stone - from shell rock, sandstone.

3. Cossack military traditions.

Extremely strictly in the Cossack environment, along with the commandments of the Lord, traditions, customs, beliefs, which were a vital necessity of every Cossack family, were observed, non-compliance or violation of them was condemned by all residents of the farm or stanitsa, village. There are many customs and traditions: some appear, others disappear. There remain those that most reflect the everyday and cultural characteristics of the Cossacks, which are preserved in the memory of the people from ancient times.

- The birth of a boy was considered a great happiness, they immediately bought a horse for him. Boys were taught military art from an early age. They put a child on a horse from an early age, from two years old. If he could grab the bow (the protruding bend of the front or rear edge of the saddle, then they remarked: "It is immediately obvious that he will be a good rider, it is immediately evident that he will be a real soldier!"

They taught to shoot from the age of seven, chop with a saber from ten, hand-to-hand combat from the age of three. Young Cossacks were brought up with courage, bravery, military honor, valor. The boy was brought up much stricter than the girl. From the age of five, the boys worked with their parents in the field: they drove oxen on plowing, grazed sheep and other livestock. From the age of thirteen the boys took part in the races. They were held every year after the harvest.

- The village "home" games played a significant role in the development and transfer of military skills. On them, the skills, experience of using cold arms and firearms, and a horse were passed on from the older generation of young people. Even the dances of the Cossacks carried not only a festive load, they prepared the body for a fierce battle, made high demands on physical fitness. In addition, festive Shermies (national Cossack games) were of great importance, when the mastered military skills and abilities were shown by the Cossacks at the village festivities and merrymaking in the composition of teams. Shermities included: "cutting targets on foot", "fencing with checkers", "fencing with pikes", "fighting for breaking", "fist fighting", etc. Representatives of all ages took part in them, experienced old people acted as judges. The winners received valuable prizes.

"Cutting targets on foot"

The competition is the passage of a strip with different targets on foot in order to hit them with a checker and get a certain number of points in a fixed period of time.

"Fencing on checkers"

Historically, the Don Cossacks have a form of holding competitions with the use of checkers. It is characterized by the task of inflicting estimated chopping blows with a saber on the opponent

"Peak Fencing"

The main task is to inflict an estimated thrusting blows on the opponent with a lance (dart) (long-pole weapon with a soft tip).

"Struggle for withdrawal"

The competition is held in the form of a wrestling match, the purpose of which is, with the help of wrestling actions from a preliminary belt grip, to force the opponent to touch the mat with his body. Fighting "for breaking", "under the buckle" was popular in the Don and had ancient nomadic roots. Therefore, it can be considered one of the varieties of belt wrestling. The purpose of such a fight was who will throw whom. A similar type of popular struggle existed on the Don until the middle of the twentieth century.

"Fist fight (fists)"

The competition is held in the form of a fist fight, the goal of the fighter in the fight is to suppress the opponent's resistance with the help of blows. Traditionally, such battles at the beginning of the twentieth century were called "for an amateur", "in a circle". They were led by the leaders of the gangs before the collective fistfight. They were conducted until the first blood, until the moment of demonstration of the complete physical and psychological superiority of one of the parties. The blows were the most common and were classified according to the place of application "under sigh", "on the sniff", "in the ear", "wipe the snot", "on the forehead", "in the birdhouse", "on mykitki", "clang on the teeth", "Take on the elbow" and so on .. The defenses were stands, knocking down, evading enemy attacks. An important indicator was the ability to take a punch, which was characterized by taking blows to the body, shoulders, and head. When striking, jumps, passes, interceptions and grabs of the opponent's arms and clothes were used. In the modern type of fist fighting, the criteria for evaluating victory, the main blows and protection, remained, while to prevent injuries, the fight is carried out in protective equipment, gloves, with prohibited zones of destruction, prohibited grips and kicks.

"Horse riding and horse racing"

Traditional Shermies did not do without equestrian competitions, without horse shooting, without jumping "to the target", without flanking with a saber and a lance on horseback, which is for modern Cossacks living in urban and semi-urban conditions, or even in rural areas, where everyone has a horse, remains an unattainable luxury.

The military skills and traditions of the Cossacks were inseparable from the life of the people. It included such elements as collective round-up hunting, individual hunting, which could be accompanied by ambushes, shooting at speed or accuracy. As well as setting traps for wild animals, hunting in floodplains, catching fish on the river and sea, grazing animals, detouring horses, etc. From childhood, the Cossack developed the skills of a skillful warrior who was able to operate on the sea and river, in the forest and steppe terrain.

Some of the military skills were passed on by "will". Often from grandfather to grandson. Children and young people also received a lot through everyday family culture - songs, excursions, etc. This makes the military culture of the Cossacks related to the eastern martial arts, where many schools were of the "family" (clan) type and all secrets were passed on only to relatives by blood.

List of used literature:

1. Astapenko G. Life, customs, rituals and holidays of the Don Cossacks of the 17th-20th centuries. Bataysk, 2002.

2. Gubarev G. V. "Cossack dictionary-reference book". T.3. San. Anselmo, 1970.

3. Korolev VN Don Cossacks // Encyclopedia of Cultures of the Peoples of the South of Russia: In 9 volumes. Vol. 1. Peoples of the South of Russia. Rostov-on-Don: Publishing house SKNTs VSh, 2005. S. 114-118.

4. Protsenko, BN Initial rituals as an element of the spiritual culture of the Don Cossacks // News of higher educational institutions of the North Caucasus region. Social Sciences. 1996. No. 1

5. Yarovoy A. V. Shermits. History, teaching methods and competition rules. Rostov-on-Don. Publishing house of NMC "Logos". 2011. - 128 p.

6. Internet sources.

Handicraft master class: "Horseshoe for happiness" (dough plastic)

The master class is designed for preschoolers 6-7 years old, their parents and teachers.

Purpose: for a gift, for interior decoration.

Tasks: develop imagination, imagination of a child, fine motor skills, accuracy, aesthetic taste.

“Horseshoe brings good luck even to those who do not believe in omens” (Edison).

The horseshoe is a very ancient symbol that has both protective powers and is a symbol of fertility and prosperity.

Where is the best place to put the horseshoe?

It depends on what kind of happiness you want for your home, for family and friends.

There are several ways to use a horseshoe.

If you nail a horseshoe over the door with the horns up, it will attract prosperity, peace and prosperity to your home.

If you put a horseshoe on the windowsill (with the ends in the house) on a full moon, then you can win the lottery, get a bonus or a significant increase in salary. In short, it attracts money into the house.

If flowers do not grow well in the house, then a horseshoe placed next to it will "solve" this problem as well. The vigorous growth of flowers is guaranteed.

In general, look for a suitable place for a horseshoe and make it with me!

I bring to your attention a master class on testoplasty "Horseshoe for Luck".

We will need:

Dough recipe:

1 part flour, 1 part salt (salt must be fine), PVA glue - 1-1.5 tablespoons, water.

We knead the tough dough so that it does not stick to our hands, but retains its plasticity (does not crack).

2) Material for making a horseshoe:

A cardboard horseshoe template, a plate for rolling out the dough, a rolling pin, a stack, a knife, a glass of water, a soft brush.

3) For registration:

Gouache and watercolors paints, brushes - thin, medium, flat with a hard nap, a glass of water, glitter, acrylic varnish and a wide soft brush.

Progress:

1. Roll out the dough 0.7 cm thick.

2. Put on the template and cut out a horseshoe with a knife (put the remaining dough in a plastic bag so that it does not dry out).

3. Gently, without overmoistening, using a brush with water and fingers, smooth out the rough edges of the product.

4. With the opposite end of the brush we make holes at the ends of the horseshoe (far enough from the edges - the product is heavy).

5. We decorate our horseshoe with leaves, apples, grapes. To do this, take a little dough from the bag (so that it does not dry out).

6. We form the leaves from teardrop-shaped pieces of dough, moistening with a brush dipped in water at the gluing site. We mark the veins with a stack.

7. Form a bunch of grapes using dough balls.

8. Cut the leaves for a bunch of grapes with a knife separately, and then glue them to the product and mark the veins with a stack.

9. Decorate apples and pears with carnation sticks, after removing the core from them.

10. We send the product to dry (you can put it under the battery, because the product often cracks in the oven). A horseshoe can be designed like this:

After a couple of days, gently prying with a knife (as if cutting), turn over and dry on the other side. The horseshoe is thick and dries under a battery for 5 days.

11. We paint the dried product.

12. We cover with acrylic varnish - gently, with a soft wide brush, so as not to smudge the paint.

13. On the not yet dried varnish, glitter can be applied by gently shaking them off the brush to the desired place.

14. When the product is dry (after about a day) we thread a strong thick thread or an elegant lace into the holes, fix it.

Our horseshoe is ready!

Dough modeling is a fun way to spend time with children. After all, they not only mold, but also cook: they can experiment with the flour mixture in the process of measuring and mixing the ingredients, and then observe the metamorphoses that occur with the finished product when the temperatures change during the drying process.

In addition, handicrafts made of salt dough are harmless to children, they do not contain allergens and you can easily taste them.

Figures made from homemade flour mixture are harder and last better than plasticine.

Basic sculpting dough recipe

Before making a dough for modeling, you need to imagine what kind of products will be made, whether you need to paint the dough, how long the modeling will take, which drying mode will be selected.

The basic recipe for craft dough consists of one part salt and two parts wheat flour to which citric acid is added - 2 tsp. for 1 glass of salt and 1 tbsp. l. vegetable oil. The amount of water added during mixing should be equal to the amount of salt.

Dough preparation method

The dough is made in the following order:

• Mix flour with salt and citric acid and pour this mixture into a saucepan;
• Put the pan on a moderate heat and gradually add water, stirring constantly, until the dough begins to lag behind the pan and you can roll it into a ball
• Remove from heat and knead the dough with your hands.

Food coloring or gouache must be diluted in water, which is added before kneading the dough.

In the process, depending on the required consistency, the salt-flour mixture can be additionally diluted with water or oil, or flour can be added for firmness.

It is better to prepare the dough in small portions as possible, right before modeling, and store it only in a tightly closed container or cling film.

Drying Salted Dough Crafts

In order for hand-made salty dough crafts to retain their shape, do not break, and do not crack, you need to choose the right drying mode. You can simply leave the figurines to air dry naturally, or place them in the oven.

There are two different methods for oven drying. The first is to preheat the oven, then turn it off and place the figurines in the heated space. You can also bake products at 100 degrees, making sure that there is no scorching.

A master class on making crafts from dough involves, first of all, experimenting with the material: the composition of the dough and the mode of drying it, so failures in this process are inevitable.

Helpful advice: When starting sculpting with children, you need to set them up so that the first success, after many not quite aesthetic attempts, becomes a real miracle for them.

It is better to start with simple and uniform shapes, such as round beads of various colors and sizes. You can make garlands of them to decorate a room.

Then you can master more complex silhouettes - stars, hearts, and volumetric figures - New Year's snowflakes, Christmas trees, Easter eggs with patterns, egg coasters, chickens.

You can time the making of figurines for the holidays, or choose more neutral motives for all occasions, making souvenirs and gifts in the form of stylized horseshoes, suns, stars, airplanes and funny faces.

During sculpting, you can use special molds for sculpting and baking, and other things, according to the tip of your imagination: a crush for a garlic maker - to get thin ropes from dough, bottle caps - to cut out circles, plastic parts of toys - to get prints, almost everything From a toothpick to toy car wheels to your fingertips, it can be a dough sculpting tool.

Note!

It is easy to make holes in salt dough, both decorative and for hanging on threads. Holes on flat figures retain their shape when dry.

But when making more voluminous parts, such as spherical balls, in order to get a hole for the thread, you need to pierce the figure with a toothpick or other sharp instrument made of wood or plastic and do not remove it until the product dries.

Helpful Hint: To glue the dough pieces together, you just need to wet the individual areas and attach them to each other.

You can make garlands, keychains, medals and pendants from volumetric and flat figures. You can sculpt chests and cups for storing jewelry, small treasures and pencils.

Volumetric figures of animals

Volumetric figures of animals are especially popular with children; they can be made in accordance with the popular step-by-step instructions that are intended for plasticine and clay crafts.

Note!

You can sculpt from dough without dyes, then paint the finished figurine and, after drying, varnish it.

You can also cut out various figures: having made their layout from cardboard, put it on an even dough previously rolled out with a rolling pin and carefully cut along the edges. Then you can paint the figurine, add the necessary texture - roughness, strokes, make eyes, nose or jewelry from beads.

A wonderful handmade gift can be a photo frame or a unique candlestick.

The production of panels in which elements of mosaics, applications and moldings are combined can captivate both children and adults. For the smallest, the simplest drawings are suitable: you first need to draw a silhouette on parchment, then carefully fill it with dough along the lines.

You can also conceive and implement more complex ideas, using beads, a mosaic of cereals, dried flowers, etc.

Note!

Photo of dough crafts