Olga Guzhova

Experiments for children preparatory group in kindergarten

IN preparatory group conducting experiments should become the norm; they should be considered not as entertainment, but as a way of learning children with the outside world and most effective way development of thought processes. Experiments allow you to combine all types of activities and all aspects of education, develop observation and inquisitiveness of the mind, develop the desire to understand the world, all cognitive abilities, the ability to invent, use non-standard solutions in difficult situations, and create a creative personality.

Some important tips:

1. Conduct experiments better in the morning when the child is full of strength and energy;

2. It is important for us not only to teach, but also interest the child, make him want to gain knowledge and create new ones himself experiments.

3. Explain to your child that you cannot taste unknown substances, no matter how beautiful and appetizing they look;

4. Don't just show it to your child. interesting experience, but also explain in a language accessible to him why this is happening;

5. Do not ignore your child’s questions - look for answers to them in books, reference books, Internet;

6. Where there is no danger, give the child more independence;

7. Invite your child to show his favorites experiments for friends;

8. And most importantly: Rejoice at your child’s successes, praise him and encourage his desire to learn. Only positive emotions can instill a love for new knowledge.

Experience No. 1. "Vanishing Chalk"

For spectacular experience We will need a small piece of chalk. Dip chalk into a glass of vinegar and see what happens. The chalk in the glass will begin to hiss, bubble, decrease in size and soon disappear completely.

Chalk is limestone, upon contact with acetic acid it turns into other substances, one of which is carbon dioxide, which is rapidly released in the form of bubbles.

Experience No. 2. "Erupting Volcano"

Necessary equipment:

Volcano:

Make a cone from plasticine (you can take plasticine that has already been used once)

Soda, 2 tbsp. spoons

Lava:

1. Vinegar 1/3 cup

2. Red paint, drop

3. A drop of liquid detergent to make the volcano foam better;

Experience No. 3. "Lava - lamp"

Needed: Salt, water, glass vegetable oil, some food coloring, a large clear glass.

Experience: Fill the glass 2/3 with water, pour vegetable oil into the water. Oil will float on the surface. Add food coloring to water and oil. Then slowly add 1 teaspoon of salt.

Explanation: Oil is lighter than water, so it floats on the surface, but salt is heavier than oil, so when you add salt to a glass, the oil and salt begin to sink to the bottom. As the salt breaks down, it releases oil particles and they rise to the surface. Food coloring will help make experience more visual and spectacular.

Experience No. 4. "Rain Clouds"

Kids will love this simple activity that explains to them how it rains. (schematically, of course): Water first accumulates in the clouds and then spills onto the ground. This " experience"can be carried out both in a science lesson and in kindergarten in senior group and at home with children of all ages - it captivates everyone, and the children ask to repeat it again and again. So, stock up on shaving foam.

Fill the jar with water about 2/3 full. Squeeze the foam directly on top of the water until it looks like a cumulus cloud. Now pipette onto the foam (or better yet, entrust this to a child) colored water. And now all that remains is to watch how the colored water passes through the cloud and continues its journey to the bottom of the jar.

Experience No. 5. "Red Head Chemistry"

Place finely chopped cabbage in a glass and pour boiling water over it for 5 minutes. Strain the cabbage infusion through a cloth.

Pour into the other three glasses cold water. Add a little vinegar to one glass, a little soda to the other. Add the cabbage solution to a glass with vinegar - the water will turn red, add it to a glass of soda - the water will turn blue. Add the solution to a glass with clean water– the water will remain dark blue.

Experience No. 6. "Blow up the balloon"

Pour water into a bottle and dissolve a teaspoon of baking soda in it.

2. In a separate glass, mix lemon juice with vinegar and pour into a bottle.

3. Quickly place the balloon on the neck of the bottle, securing it with electrical tape. The ball will inflate. Baking soda and lemon juice mixed with vinegar reacts to release carbon dioxide, which inflates the balloon.

Experience No. 7. "Colored milk"

Needed: Whole milk, food coloring, liquid detergent, cotton swabs, plate.

Experience: Pour milk into a plate, add a few drops of different food colors. Then you need to take a cotton swab, dip it in the detergent and touch the swab to the very center of the plate with milk. The milk will begin to move and the colors will begin to mix.

Explanation: The detergent reacts with the fat molecules in the milk and causes them to move. That's why for experience Skim milk is not suitable.

A small child is not only a perpetual motion machine and a jumper, but also a brilliant inventor and an endless why. Although children's curiosity gives parents a lot of worries, it is in itself very useful - after all, it is the key to the development of the baby. Learning something new is useful not only in the form of lessons, but also in the form of games or experiments. That's what we'll talk about today. Simple physical and chemical experiments do not require special knowledge, special training or expensive materials. They can be held in the kitchen to surprise, entertain the child, open up the whole world to him or simply lift his spirits. The child can prepare and perform almost any experiment independently in your presence. However, in some of the experiments, it is better to make mom or dad the main character.

Explosion of color in milk

What could be more surprising than the transformation of a familiar thing into an unusual one, when white milk, familiar to everyone, becomes multi-colored?

You will need: whole milk(required!), food coloring different colors, any liquid detergent, cotton swabs, plate.
Work plan:

1. Pour milk into a plate.
2. Add a few drops of each dye to it. Try to do this carefully so as not to move the plate itself.
3. Take a cotton swab, dip it in the product and touch it to the very center of the plate of milk.
4. The milk will begin to move and the colors will begin to mix. A real explosion of color in a plate!

Explanation of the experiment: Milk is made up of molecules different types: fats, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. When detergent is added to milk, several processes occur simultaneously. First, the detergent reduces surface tension, allowing food coloring to move freely across the entire surface of the milk. But the most important thing is that the detergent reacts with the fat molecules in the milk and sets them in motion. This is why skim milk is not suitable for this experiment.

Growing crystals

Everyone knows this experience from childhood - obtaining crystals from salt water. You can, of course, do this with a solution of copper sulfate, but children's version- plain table salt.


The essence of the experiment is simple - saline solution(18 tablespoons of salt per half liter of water) lower the colored thread and wait for crystals to grow on it. It will be very interesting. Especially if you take woolen thread or replace it with intricate bristle wire.

Potato becomes a submarine

Has your child already learned to peel and cut potatoes? Will you no longer surprise him with this gray-brown tuber? Of course you will surprise! You need to turn a potato into a submarine!
For this we need one potato tuber, liter jar And table salt. Pour half a can of water and lower the potatoes. She will drown. Add saturated salt solution to the jar. The potatoes will float. If you want it to be immersed in water again, just add water to the jar. Why not a submarine?
Solution: Potatoes are drowning because... it is heavier than water. Compared to a salt solution, it is lighter, which is why it floats to the surface.

Lemon battery

It’s good to do this experiment with dad so that he can explain in more detail where the electricity in a lemon comes from?

We will need:

• Lemon, thoroughly washed and wiped dry.
• Two pieces of insulated copper wire approximately 0.2-0.5 mm thick and 10 cm long.
• Steel paper clip.
• A light bulb from a flashlight.

Conducting the experiment: First of all, we strip the opposite ends of both wires at a distance of 2-3 cm. Insert a paper clip into the lemon and screw the end of one of the wires to it. We stick the end of the second wire into the lemon 1-1.5 cm from the paperclip. To do this, first pierce the lemon in this place with a needle. Take the two free ends of the wires and attach them to the contacts of the light bulb.
What happened? The light came on!

A glass of laughter

Do you urgently need to finish cooking the soup, but your child is hanging on his feet and dragging him to the nursery? This experience will keep him distracted for a few minutes!
We only need a glass with thin, even walls, filled to the top with water.
Conducting the experiment: take the glass in your hand and bring it to your eyes. Look through it at the fingers of the other hand. What happened?
In the glass you will see very long and thin fingers without a brush. Turn your fingers upward, and they will turn into funny short people. Move the glass away from your eyes, and the whole hand will appear in the glass, but small and to the side, as if you had moved your hand.
Look at each other through a glass with your child - and there is no need to go to the laughter room.

Water flows up the napkin

This is a very beautiful experience ideal for girls. We need to take a napkin, cut out a strip, and draw lines of different colors with dots. Then we put the napkin into a glass with no big amount water and watch in admiration as the water rises and the dotted lines turn into solid ones.

Miracle rocket from a tea bag

This elementary focus experience is simply a “bomb” for any child. If you are already tired of looking for brilliant entertainment for children, this is what you need!


Carefully open the regular tea bag, place it vertically and set it on fire. The bag will burn to the end, fly high into the air and circle above you. This simple experiment usually causes a storm of delight among both adults and children. And the reason for this phenomenon is the same that makes sparks fly off from a fire. During combustion, a flow of warm air is created, which pushes the ash upward. If you set fire to and extinguish the bag gradually, there will be no flight. By the way, the bag will not always take off if the air temperature in the room is high enough.

Live fish

Another simple experience that can pleasantly surprise not only children, but also friends.
Cut out a fish from thick paper. In the middle of the fish there is a round hole A, which is connected to the tail by a narrow channel AB.

Pour water into a basin and place the fish on the water so that the bottom side is completely wet and the top side remains completely dry. It’s convenient to do this with a fork: placing the fish on the fork, carefully lower it into the water, push the fork deeper and pull it out.
Now you need to drop a large drop of oil into hole A. It is best to use a bicycle or sewing machine oil can for this. If you don’t have an oil can, you can put machine or vegetable oil into a pipette or cocktail tube: lower one end of the tube into the oil 2-3 mm. Then cover the upper end with your finger and transfer the straw to the fish. Keeping the bottom end exactly above the hole, release your finger. The oil will flow directly into the hole.
Trying to spread over the surface of the water, the oil will flow through channel AB. The fish will not allow it to spread in other directions. What do you think the fish will do under the influence of the oil flowing back? It’s clear: she will swim forward!

Water spell trick

Every child believes that his mother is a sorceress! And in order to prolong this fairy tale longer, you sometimes need to reinforce your magical nature with real “magics”.
Take a jar with a tight-fitting lid. Paint the inside of the lid with red watercolor paint. Pour water into the jar and screw the lid on. During the demonstration, do not turn the jar towards small spectators so that the inside of the lid is visible. Say the spell loudly: “Just like in the fairy tale, make the water red.” With these words, shake the jar of water. The water will wash away the watercolor layer of paint and turn red.

Density Tower

This experiment is suitable for older children or attentive, diligent children.
In this experiment, objects will hang in the thickness of the liquid.
We will need:

• a tall, narrow glass vessel, for example, an empty, clean half-liter jar canned olives or mushrooms
• 1/4 cup (65 ml) corn syrup or honey
• food coloring of any color
• 1/4 cup tap water
• 1/4 cup vegetable oil
• 1/4 cup medical alcohol
• various small objects, for example, a cork, a grape, a nut, a piece of dry pasta, a rubber ball, a cherry tomato, a small plastic toy, a metal screw

Preparation:

• Carefully pour honey into the vessel so that it takes up 1/4 of the volume.
• Dissolve a few drops in water food coloring. Fill the vessel halfway with water. Please note: when adding each liquid, pour it very carefully so that it does not mix with the bottom layer.
• Slowly pour the same amount of vegetable oil into the vessel.
• Fill the vessel to the top with alcohol.

Let's begin the scientific magic:

• Announce to the audience that you are now going to make different objects float. They may tell you that it is easy. Then explain to them that you will make different objects float in liquids on at different levels.
• Carefully place small items into the container one at a time.
• Let the audience see for themselves what happened.

Result: different objects will float in the liquid at different levels. Some will “hang” right in the middle of the vessel.
Explanation: This trick is based on the ability of various substances to sink or float depending on their density. Substances with lower densities float on the surface of denser substances.
The alcohol remains on the surface of the vegetable oil because the density of alcohol is less than the density of oil. Vegetable oil remains on the surface of the water because the density of oil is less than the density of water. In turn, water is a substance less dense than honey or corn syrup, therefore remains on the surface of these liquids. When you put objects into a vessel, they float or sink depending on their density and the density of the layers of liquid. The screw has a higher density than any of the liquids in the vessel, so it will fall to the very bottom. The density of pasta is higher than the density of alcohol, vegetable oil and water, but lower than the density of honey, so it will float on the surface of the honey layer. The rubber ball has the lowest density, lower than that of any liquid, so it will float on the surface of the topmost, alcohol, layer.

Grape submarine

Another trick for lovers of sea adventures!


Take a glass of fresh sparkling water or lemonade and drop a grape into it. It is slightly heavier than water and will sink to the bottom. But gas bubbles, like small balloons, will immediately begin to land on it. Soon there will be so many of them that the grape will float up. But on the surface the bubbles will burst and the gas will fly away. The heavy grape will sink to the bottom again. Here it will again become covered with gas bubbles and float up again. This will continue several times until the water runs out. This principle is how a real boat floats up and rises. And fish have a swim bladder. When she needs to submerge, the muscles contract, squeezing the bubble. Its volume decreases the fish is coming down. But you need to get up - the muscles relax, the bubble dissolves. It increases and the fish floats up.

Lotus flowers

Another experiment from the “for girls” series.
Cut out flowers with long petals from colored paper. Using a pencil, curl the petals towards the center. Now lower the multi-colored lotuses into the water poured into the basin. Literally before your eyes, flower petals will begin to bloom. This happens because the paper gets wet, gradually becomes heavier and the petals open.

Where did the ink go?

You can add the following trick to your magic mother’s piggy bank.
Add ink or ink to a bottle of water until the solution is pale blue. Place a crushed tablet there. activated carbon. Close the neck with your finger and shake the mixture. It will brighten before our eyes. The fact is that coal absorbs dye molecules on its surface and it is no longer visible.

"Stop, hands up!"

And this experience is again for the boys - explosive and playful fidgets!
Take a small plastic jar for medicine, vitamins, etc. Pour some water into it, put any effervescent tablet and close it with a lid (non-screw).
Place it on the table, turning it upside down, and wait. The gas released during the chemical reaction of the tablet and water will push the bottle out, a “rumble” will be heard and the bottle will be thrown up.

Secret letter

Each of us has dreamed of becoming a detective or secret agent at least once in our lives. It's so exciting to solve riddles, look for traces and see the invisible.


Let the child make a drawing or inscription with milk on a blank sheet of white paper, lemon juice or table vinegar. Then heat a sheet of paper (preferably over a device without open fire) and you will see how the invisible turns into the visible. The improvised ink will boil, the letters will darken, and the secret letter can be read.

Running toothpicks

If there is nothing to do in the kitchen, and the only toys available are toothpicks, then we can easily put them to use!

To conduct the experiment you will need: a bowl of water, 8 wooden toothpicks, a pipette, a piece of refined sugar (not instant), dishwashing liquid.
1. Place toothpicks in rays in a bowl of water.
2. Carefully lower a piece of sugar into the center of the bowl; the toothpicks will begin to gather towards the center.
3. Remove the sugar with a teaspoon and drop a few drops of dishwashing liquid into the center of the bowl with a pipette - the toothpicks will “scatter”!
What's going on? The sugar absorbs the water, creating a movement that moves the toothpicks towards the center. The soap, spreading over the water, carries along the water particles, and they cause the toothpicks to scatter. Explain to the children that you showed them a magic trick, and all magic tricks are based on certain natural physical phenomena that they will study at school.

Vanishing coin

And this trick can be taught to any child over 5 years old, let him show it to his friends!
Props:

• 1 liter glass jar with lid
• tap water
• coin
• assistant

Preparation:

• Pour water into the jar and close the lid.
• Give your assistant a coin so that he can make sure that it is really an ordinary coin and there is no trick in it.
• Have him place the coin on the table. Ask him: “Do you see the coin?” (Of course he will answer yes.)
• Place a jar of water on the coin.
• Say magic words, for example: “Here is a magic coin, here it was, but here it is not.”
• Have your assistant look through the water on the side of the jar and say, can he see the coin now? What will he answer?

Tips for a learned wizard:
You can make this trick even more effective. After your assistant fails to see the coin, you can make it appear again. Say other magic words, for example: “As the coin fell through, so it appeared.” Now remove the jar and the coin will be back in place.
Result: When you place a jar of water on a coin, the coin appears to disappear. Your assistant won't see it.

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Did you know that May 29 is Chemist's Day? Who among us in childhood did not dream of creating unique magic, amazing chemical experiments? It's time to make your dreams come true! Read on quickly and we will tell you how to have fun on Chemist Day 2017, as well as what chemical experiments for children can be easily done at home.

Home volcano

If you are not already attracted, then... Do you want to see a volcanic eruption? Try it at home! To set up a chemical experiment “volcano” you will need soda, vinegar, food coloring, a plastic glass, a glass of warm water.

Pour 2-3 tablespoons of baking soda into a plastic cup, add ¼ cup of warm water and a little food coloring, preferably red. Then add ¼ vinegar and watch the volcano “erupt”.

Rose and ammonia

A very interesting and original chemical experiment with plants can be seen in the video from YouTube:

Self-inflating balloon

Do you want to conduct safe chemical experiments for children? Then you will definitely like the balloon experiment. Prepare in advance: a plastic bottle, baking soda, a balloon and vinegar.

Pour 1 teaspoon of baking soda inside the ball. Pour ½ cup of vinegar into the bottle, then put a ball on the neck of the bottle and make sure that the soda gets into the vinegar. As a result of a violent chemical reaction, which is accompanied by the active release of carbon dioxide, the balloon will begin to inflate.

Pharaoh snake

For the experiment you will need: calcium gluconate tablets, dry fuel, matches or a gas burner. Watch the algorithm of actions on YouTube video:

Colorful magic

Do you want to surprise your child? Hurry up and conduct chemical experiments with color! You will need the following available ingredients: starch, iodine, transparent container.

Mix snow-white starch and brown iodine in a container. The result is an amazing mixture of blue.

Raising a snake

The most interesting home chemical experiments can be carried out using available ingredients. To create a snake you will need: a plate, river sand, powdered sugar, ethyl alcohol, a lighter or burner, baking soda.

Place a pile of sand on a plate and soak it in alcohol. Make a hole in the top of the slide, where you carefully add powdered sugar and soda. Now we set fire to the sand slide and watch. After a couple of minutes, a dark wriggling ribbon that resembles a snake will begin to grow from the top of the slide.

How to spend chemical experiments with an explosion, watch the following video from Youtube:

If you want to awaken an interest in science in your children, but the teacher at school cannot cope with this (and in reality he simply does not care), then you do not have to hit your child over the head with a book or hire tutors. You, as a responsible parent, can conduct interesting and colorful scientific experiments right at home using available materials.

A little imagination, and entertainment for the children who came to your child’s birthday party is ready.

1. Walking on chicken eggs

Even though the eggs look very fragile, their shells are stronger than they look. If the pressure on the shell is distributed evenly, it can withstand very heavy loads. This can be used to show children a fun trick involving walking on eggs, and also explain to them how it works.

Although we assume that the experiment will be successful, it doesn’t hurt to be on the safe side, so it’s better to cover the floor with oilcloth or lay out garbage bags. Place a couple of trays of eggs on top, making sure that there are no defective or cracked ones. Also make sure that the eggs are positioned equally, otherwise the load will not be distributed evenly.

Now you can carefully stand on the eggs barefoot, trying to distribute your weight evenly. The same principle is used in walking on nails or glass, but this should not be repeated with children. Don't repeat it at all.

2. Non-Newtonian fluid

Most liquids on the planet practically do not change their viscosity when the force that is applied to them changes. However, there are liquids that become almost solid when the force increases, and they are called non-Newtonian. You can make them right at home from available materials. Show this experience to your child and he will be happy.

To make a non-Newtonian liquid, pour a glass of starch into a deep bowl and fill it with water in a 1:1 ratio. You can add food coloring for beauty. Start stirring it all slowly until the mixture turns into a homogeneous mass.

If you slowly scoop up such liquid with your hand, it will simply flow through your fingers. But as soon as you apply force to it at speed or hit it sharply, it immediately becomes hard. This will be a great toy for your child to use for the next few hours.

3. Bouncing coin

A very interesting experience, as well as a trick if you want to convince others of your paranormal abilities. For this experiment at home, we will need a regular bottle, as well as a coin that is slightly larger in diameter than the neck.

Cool the bottle in the refrigerator, or better yet, in freezer. After this, moisten its neck with water and place a coin on top. You can put your hands on the bottle for effect, warming it. The air inside the bottle will begin to expand and escape through the neck, throwing the coin into the air.

4. Volcano at home

The combination of baking soda and vinegar is a win-win option, if you decide to impress children. Just make a small volcano out of plasticine or clay on a plate, and pour a few teaspoons of soda into its hole, pour in some warm water and add red food coloring for decoration. After that, pour it into the mouth a small amount of vinegar and watch the reaction.

5. Lava Falls

Very effective and simple scientific experience, which allows children to demonstrate the principle of interaction of liquids with different masses and densities.
Take a tall, narrow container (a flower vase or just plastic bottle). Pour several glasses of water and a glass of vegetable oil into the vessel. Add bright food coloring to make the experiment more visual and prepare a tablespoon of salt.

At first, the oil will float on the surface of the vessel because it has a lower density. Begin to slowly pour the salt into the vessel. The oil will begin to sink to the bottom, but when it reaches it, the salt will be freed from the viscous liquid, and the oil particles will begin to rise to the top again, like grains of hot lava.

6. Money doesn't burn

This experience is suitable for wealthy people who have nothing left to burn but money. A great trick to surprise children and adults. Of course, there is a risk of failing the performance, so please respect the time limits.

Take any bill (depending on your capabilities) and soak it in a salted solution of alcohol and water in a 1:1 ratio. Make sure that the bill is completely saturated, after which you can remove it from the liquid. Secure the bill in some holder and set it on fire.

Alcohol boils at a fairly low temperature and begins to evaporate much faster than water. Therefore, all the fuel will evaporate before the bill itself catches fire.

7. Experiment with colored milk

For this fun experience we will need full fat milk, several food colors of different colors and detergent.

Pour the milk into a plate and add a few drops of coloring in different places in the container. Take a drop of detergent on your fingertip or soak a cotton swab and touch the surface of the milk directly in the center of the plate. Watch how the dyes begin to mix effectively.

As you might have guessed, detergent and grease don't mix, and when you touch the surface, a reaction begins that causes the molecules to move.

At-home experiments are a great way to introduce children to the basics of physics and chemistry, and make complex, abstract laws and terms easier to understand through visual demonstrations. Moreover, to carry them out you do not need to acquire expensive reagents or special equipment. After all, without thinking, we carry out experiments every day at home - from adding slaked soda to dough to connecting batteries to a flashlight. Read on to learn how to conduct interesting experiments easily, simply, and safely.

Chemical experiments at home

Does the image of a professor with a glass flask and singed eyebrows immediately come to mind? Don't worry, our chemical experiments at home are completely safe, interesting and useful. Thanks to them, the child will easily remember what exo- and endothermic reactions are and what the difference is between them.

So let's make hatchable dinosaur eggs that can be used as bath bombs.

For the experience you need:

• small dinosaur figurines;
• baking soda;
• vegetable oil;
• lemon acid;
• food coloring or liquid watercolor paints.

Procedure for conducting the experiment

1. Place ½ cup baking soda in a small bowl and add about ¼ tsp. liquid colors (or dissolve 1-2 drops of food coloring in ¼ teaspoon of water), mix the baking soda with your fingers to create an even color.
2. Add 1 tbsp. l. citric acid. Mix dry ingredients thoroughly.
3. Add 1 tsp. vegetable oil.
4. You should have a crumbly dough that barely sticks together when pressed. If it doesn’t want to stick together at all, then slowly add ¼ tsp. butter until you reach the desired consistency.
5. Now take the dinosaur figurine and mold the dough into an egg shape. It will be very fragile at first, so you should set it aside overnight (at least 10 hours) to harden.
6. Then you can start a fun experiment: fill the bathtub with water and throw an egg into it. It will fizz furiously as it dissolves in the water. It will be cold when touched because it is an endothermic reaction between an acid and alkali, absorbing heat from the environment.

Please note that the bath may become slippery due to the addition of oil.

Elephant toothpaste

Experiments at home, the results of which can be felt and touched, are very popular with children. That includes this fun project that ends with lots of dense, fluffy colored foam.

To carry it out you will need:

• safety glasses for children;
• dry active yeast;
• warm water;
• hydrogen peroxide 6%;
• dishwashing detergent or liquid soap(not antibacterial);
• funnel;
• plastic glitter (necessarily non-metallic);
• food colorings;
• 0.5 liter bottle (it is best to take a bottle with a wide bottom for greater stability, but a regular plastic one will do).

The experiment itself is extremely simple:

1. 1 tsp. dilute dry yeast in 2 tbsp. l. warm water.
2. In a bottle placed in a sink or dish with high sides, pour ½ cup of hydrogen peroxide, a drop of dye, glitter and a little dishwashing liquid (several presses on the dispenser).
3. Insert the funnel and pour in the yeast. The reaction will begin immediately, so act quickly.

Yeast acts as a catalyst and accelerates the release of hydrogen peroxide, and when the gas reacts with soap, it creates great amount foam. This is an exothermic reaction, releasing heat, so if you touch the bottle after the “eruption” has stopped, it will be warm. Since the hydrogen immediately evaporates, you're left with just soap scum to play with.

Physics experiments at home

Did you know that lemon can be used as a battery? True, very low-power. Experiments at home with citrus fruits will demonstrate to children the operation of a battery and a closed electrical circuit.

For the experiment you will need:

• lemons - 4 pcs.;
• galvanized nails - 4 pcs.;
• small pieces of copper (you can take coins) - 4 pcs.;
• alligator clips with short wires (about 20 cm) - 5 pcs.;
• small light bulb or flashlight - 1 pc.

Let there be light

Here's how to do the experiment:

1. Roll on a hard surface, then squeeze the lemons lightly to release the juice inside the skins.
2. Insert one galvanized nail and one piece of copper into each lemon. Place them on the same line.
3. Connect one end of the wire to a galvanized nail and the other to a piece of copper in another lemon. Repeat this step until all the fruits are connected.
4. When you're done, you should be left with 1 nail and 1 piece of copper that are not connected to anything. Prepare your light bulb, determine the polarity of the battery.
5. Connect the remaining piece of copper (plus) and the nail (minus) to the plus and minus of the flashlight. Thus, a chain of connected lemons is a battery.
6. Turn on a light bulb that will run on fruit energy!

To repeat such experiments at home, potatoes, especially green ones, are also suitable.

How it works? Lemon acid, contained in lemon, reacts with two different metals, which causes the ions to move in one direction, creating an electric current. All chemical sources of electricity operate on this principle.

Summer fun

You don't have to stay indoors to do some experiments. Some experiments will work better outside, and you won't have to clean anything up after they're done. These include interesting experiments at home with air bubbles, not simple ones, but huge ones.

To make them you will need:

• 2 wooden sticks 50-100 cm long (depending on the age and height of the child);
• 2 metal screw-in ears;
• 1 metal washer;
• 3 m of cotton cord;
• bucket with water;
• any detergent - for dishes, shampoo, liquid soap.

Here's how to conduct spectacular experiments for children at home:

1. Screw metal tabs into the ends of the sticks.
2. Cut the cotton cord into two parts, 1 and 2 m long. You may not strictly adhere to these measurements, but it is important that the proportion between them is maintained at 1 to 2.
3. Place a washer on a long piece of rope so that it hangs evenly in the center, and tie both ropes to the eyes on the sticks, forming a loop.
4. Mix a small amount of detergent in a bucket of water.
5. Gently dip the loop of the sticks into the liquid and begin blowing giant bubbles. To separate them from each other, carefully bring the ends of the two sticks together.

What is the scientific component of this experiment? Explain to children that bubbles are held together by surface tension, the attractive force that holds the molecules of any liquid together. Its effect is manifested in the fact that spilled water collects into drops, which tend to take on a spherical shape, as the most compact of all existing in nature, or in the fact that water, when poured, collects into cylindrical streams. The bubble has a layer of liquid molecules on both sides sandwiched by soap molecules, which increase its surface tension when distributed over the surface of the bubble and prevent it from quickly evaporating. While the sticks are kept open, the water is held in the form of a cylinder; as soon as they are closed, it tends to a spherical shape.

These are the kinds of experiments you can do at home with children.