Abstract directly - educational activities in the middle group.
Target: clarify children’s ideas about bread, develop thinking, fine motor skills, perception of size, color, shape; enrich your vocabulary; practice agreeing nouns with adjectives, classifying objects
Plakhutina Lyudmila Nikolaevna
Subject: “How bread came to our table.”

Program content
Educational objectives:
Introduce children to the process of growing wheat. Expand and enrich children's knowledge about bread and its making.
Developmental:
Develop children's curiosity and desire for research. Promote the formation of mental operations and speech development.
Educational: To instill in children a caring attitude and respect for bread. Develop the ability to work together. Arouse interest in teamwork.
Preliminary work: reading fairy tales “Spikelet”, “Kolobok”.
Vocabulary work: baker, tractor, combine, mill, bun, sesame, poppy, soft, fluffy, pliable, fragrant, appetizing, rosy.
Materials and equipment:
For the teacher: ICT, presentation “How to grow bread”, tape recorder, soft toy bun and grandmother, recording songs about bread, pies, loaf, flour, wet wipes, poppy seeds, sesame seeds, eggs, whisk, brushes for brushing the dough.
For children: tray with soil, grains, watering cans, rakes, sockets for each child, ears of corn, dough, cutting boards, wet wipes.

Progress of activities

The teacher brings the Kolobok toy into the group. Kolobok sings a song:
I, Kolobok, Kolobok,
Kolobok, ruddy side.
Mixed with sour cream,
Sat in the oven.
I left my grandfather, I left my grandmother,
IN kindergarten I came to the guys.
Don't eat me, guys, I sang you a song!

Teacher and children:
- Hello, hello, Kolobok!
The music is “Bread is the Head of Everything”

Grandma appears:
- So, where have you been, you prankster? I kneaded, I baked, I put it on the window, and before I knew it, it rolled away!
Kolobok:
- Forgive me, grandma, and you guys, it’s very interesting here, I’ll sit for a while and look at you?

Grandmother:
- Okay, I’ll forgive you, I’ll forgive you. I’ll tell you everything about you: I mixed flour, kneaded the dough, baked it in the oven: my bun turned out delicious and golden brown.
A slide picture of a loaf appears.
And here is the fragrant loaf
With a fragile twisted crust,
Here it is soft, golden,
As if filled with sunshine!

Grandmother
- The loaf, also round and ruddy, looks like a round sun. Now, guys, guess the riddle:
Guess easily and quickly:

Soft, lush and fragrant,
He's black, he's white,
And sometimes it’s burnt.
It's a bad lunch without him
There is nothing more delicious in the world!

Children
- This is bread!

Grandmother
- That's right, guys! And the loaf and my bun are all this is bread. What words in the riddle helped you guess that it was bread?

Children: Soft, fluffy, fragrant, black, white, burnt.

Grandmother:
- That's right, well done! Today we will talk about bread. Every day we eat white and black bread; many people like dry bread, cookies, and various cakes. Do you know what they all make it from?
Children: Made from flour.
Grandmother
- That's right, guys. And now we will find out what flour is made from.
What do you guys have on your plates?

Children:
Wheat grains.

Grandmother:
These are grains of wheat. Let's take a closer look at them. Take them in your hands and tell me what they feel like?
Tell me, what shape, size and color are they?

Children:
Small, hard, smooth, with a groove in the middle, like two slices.

Grandmother:
- Look, some big-eyed people saw that each grain has a groove that divides it into two halves. Each grain is completely complicated: a small sprout lives in it, but in order for it to wake up and appear, the grains must be planted in the ground.

Slide demonstration.

Grandmother:
We guys have a small field on the table. I will make grooves with a rake, and you place your grains in these grooves. Well done. Now I will cover the grains with earth. What do you think will help our grains germinate?

Children:
The sun is light, the rain is water.

Slide demonstration.

Grandmother:
That's right, take a watering can and water our crops generously.
Guys, look what sprouts will appear from the grains, and from the sprouts the ears will grow. Look how many ears of corn have grown in a large field of sprouts (draws the children’s attention to the screen). What a beautiful golden field.

And this field will remain in your group. You will look after him and watch him. And don't forget to water.

Slide demonstration.

Grandmother:
Guys, I cut and brought ears of corn from this field for you. Let's look at them.
The ear consists of a stalk..., a spikelet in which grains live... and tendrils.
This is the spikelet - “He’s golden and mustachioed, there’s a hundred guys in a hundred pockets.”
Now guys, let's collect all the spikelets together. This is how the sheaf turned out - it’s a bouquet of ears of grain.

Transition.
Grandmother:
Now sit down, guys, and let’s see how much equipment is needed to cultivate the field.

Slide demonstration.
Grandmother:
Look at the screen, what is the name of this machine (tractor), this one (harvester)?

Slide demonstration.
Grandmother:
With the help of a tractor, people plow the field and sow grains into the ground.

Slide demonstration.
And this combine harvester removes the ears of corn from the field and pours the grain into machines that take the grain to the mill and grind flour from it.

We swami have already learned a lot that grains, bread, and whatever is on the table did not immediately become. People have worked long and hard on the earth.

Slide demonstration.

We've worked together, and now it's time to play. Let's play a funny game. Get comfortable.

Game exercise to develop movements.
A spikelet has grown in the field, (Children are squatting)
He is neither short nor tall. (Gradually rise)
A breeze has come, (Raise your hands up and shake them)
The spikelet swayed.
We will come to the field, (Walking in place)
Let's collect the spikelets, (Tilt)
Let's push the flour, (with the fist of one hand they knock on the palm of the other)
Let's bake a loaf, (Squeeze hands)
We invite guests,
We treat you to loaf of bread. (Stretch your arms forward, palms up.

Grandmother:
Children, look how much interesting buns You can bake it from flour, I brought you a full basket. Children examine and name what they see: bun, gingerbread, cookies, cheesecake
Where are the buns baked?

Children: In the bakery, in the oven

Grandmother
Let's go to the bakery too.

Slide demonstration.
One or two, let's quickly turn into bakers.
(Put on aprons and caps, wipe your hands with wet wipes).

Slide demonstration.
Grandmother:
Children, what lies in front of you?

Children: Dough

Grandmother:
Guys, in front of you there is dough in bowls, and a handful of flour on the board. Level the flour over the plate. What does flour feel like?

Children: Soft, white, fluffy
Now take a piece of dough (what is it? - soft, tender, easy to mold), so that the dough does not stick to your hands, roll it in flour and let's make buns. (The children, following the example of the teacher, make buns.)
Let's brush with egg. You can decorate your buns with poppy seeds and sesame seeds. The baking sheet is greased with oil so that the buns do not burn.

Slide demonstration.
Grandmother:
You will take the finished buns to the kitchen to the cooks, and they will bake them for you in the oven. Did you guys enjoy sculpting with dough? (Children's answers.)
Our adventure today is over and it’s time for me and the bun to go home - to our fairy tale. I think now, you won’t forget what the fairy tale is called? And also how the bread arrived at our table.
You all were such great guys today.

Slide demonstration.
Goodbye, guys!

The teacher sees off the grandmother and the bun.

Educator:
- You see, guys, how much work you have to spend to get bread. The Russian people have always treated bread very carefully. There are many proverbs about bread. Do you know any? (Children's answers.)

Educator:
- “Bread is the head of everything.” Why do they say this? Now you know where the bread on our table comes from, how difficult it is to grow it, and therefore you guys should treat bread with respect.

Natalia Agarkova
Holiday “How bread came to our table”

Preparatory

To the music "Hymn bread» children go into the hall and sit on chairs.

EDUCATIONAL: Dear guys! Today we have gathered with you to talk about the miracle of the earth - bread. Listen here

fairy tale: A long time ago, it was when people lived in tribes in caves and ate animals.

It so happened that they destroyed all the animals, and they had nothing to eat. So the people went to

looking for other places where they could feed themselves. They walked for a long time, many died of hunger. So

and it happened to one person: he fell, losing consciousness from debilitating hunger. When I woke up,

there was no one around. And suddenly, above him, he saw an amazing plant, from which

there are small pebbles on it. The man decided to try one of them. And suddenly nice smell and the taste was revived

his. He began to collect these pebbles, which turned out to be grains, and began to eat them. These grains

acted like medicine on him. He recovered and became stronger, and immediately he wanted to talk about

this. The man collected the grains and went to look for his fellow tribesmen. Seeing him alive and unharmed, they

They were surprised, the man told them about a miracle - a spikelet.

Since then, people began to eat the miracle - spikelets. Later they began to grind the grains, then

grind, dry on stones and eat it.

(knock on the door, Pinocchio and Malvina appear)

Pinocchio: Hello guys, we found out what you have today holiday, And came to you.

HOST: Come in, dear guests, we are very glad to see you, and today we have a serious conversation about bread.

Pinocchio: Guys, do you remember what an interesting incident happened to me when I received 5 gold

coins On the way, I came across the cat Basilio and the fox Alice, who lured me to the tavern,

so I can treat them to three crusts of bread. Remember how the cat and the fox deceived me? I ordered three

crusts of bread, and they ordered fried duck, and fish, and milk. And they ate it all, except

of bread, and they left me three crusts. But I don’t regret it at all, because I heard how they

got sick from eating everything without of bread. But here I am, alive and well.

MALVINA: And I, guys, want to tell you how one boy was left an orphan because his parents were

unable to feed themselves due to poverty and died, but they left him an inheritance

organ and a small marmot, who helped him earn money bread. The boy walked along

streets and played the barrel organ, and the little marmot took tickets out of the box and entertained

the public. Rich people gave them pieces for it bread and money. Listen to this song.

"MARMOT" Beethoven (audio recording plays)

HOST: Yes, guys. bread- most the right product on the ground. Without no bread and no life. During the war the Nazis

burned a lot of fields sown bread. But our Russian soldiers fought for their Motherland, and people

baked for them bread, which consisted of an admixture of viscose, wallpaper dust, small quantity flour and herbs

(show soldier bread) Listen to a poem about how the boys kicked a bun in the

Mostovoy. How terrible it was.

CHILD: Three boys in the alley, playing football as if

They threw a bun here and there and scored a goal with it.

An unfamiliar uncle walked past, stopped and sighed.

And almost without looking at the guys, he extended his hand to that bun.

Then, frowning angrily, he blew the dust off her for a long time.

And suddenly he calmly and openly kissed her in front of everyone.

Who are you? – the children asked, forgetting about football for a while.

I'm a baker! – the man answered and slowly left with the bun.

And this word smelled bread and that special warmth,

Which is filled with seas of golden wheat under the sky.

EDUCATIONAL: Our country is huge. We need a lot of bread to feed all the people. Now we are with you

let's go to the game - a journey through the pictures and find out who grows bread for everyone and how it is

comes to us at table.

(1 picture - a tractor plows the ground in early spring)

VED.: And now the fields are open under the melted snow.

The wide earth became a downy scarf.

(children come out - 2 groups of 5 people each, build 2 tractors, 1 child depicts a tractor driver with a steering wheel, 4 people - a tractor.

Everyone goes, stamping their feet to the nursery rhyme): Tara - tara - tara - ra from the collective farm yard

Tractors are leaving. Let's plow the land

We will sowing the bread, we will thresh the rye,

Feed the little kids.

LEAD: A spring day feeds the year. Tractor drivers prepare a soft, warm bed for grains. They work day

and night, replacing each other.

(2nd picture - seeders sowing grain)

VED: And here is the plowed field. The seeders went out into the field and sowed grain.

CHILD: Bread the grains will hide in the ground like a fabulous treasure and sprout together.

The best reward in the world is a living reward for work.

(3rd picture – tractor harrowing the ground)

LEAD: A harrow is walking across a plowed field. She harrows the ground so that it is loose and the crops can easily

would break through the ground. In front of this arable land, take off your hat, son,

You see, a spikelet is making its way into the field.

How much work has been put into this grain,

Only the sun, wind and water know.

SONG "GOLDEN GRAIN" Chichkova (grow the spikelet until the sun)

DANCE WITH EARS

(4 picture – grain field)

Led.: Sowed bread growers in the spring, he matured and became a golden wall.

And the country hears: "It's time to clean up".

(Picture 5 – combines in a field harvesting crops, next to a machine where grains are poured)

CHILD: Field the grain is ripe, the hot harvest is near,

And the harvester boldly undertakes to collect everything down to the spikelet.

CHILD: He knows how to save time, bread will reap at the same moment

It will thresh and winnow and load the truck.

CHILD: The steering wheel will turn nimble under a confident hand,

And again the grains will flow like a golden living river.

CHILD: Don’t look for mystery in this, there’s nothing to do with magic,

The master of his craft simply took the helm of the combine.

(6 picture – elevator, a column of cars with grain carrying the harvest)

CHILD: The bread is ripe, but we don't care table didn’t leave the field straight away.

From the field even to the shops it's too early to eat bread.

He got into the car and hurries to the elevator.

HOST: Now let's play a game with you "Who will bring it faster? bread at the elevator?» (10 bags of

Arrange the grain in 2 columns of 5 pieces each. 2 guys come out. with cars, load bags into them and transport them to

elevator. Children before the game They say: “Gather quickly, but don’t spill the grain!” Play game 3 - 4

times.) GAME “WHO WILL BRING FASTER BREAD TO THE ELEVATOR»

CHILD: In the elevator for us bread is kept in reserve.

He is warm and comfortable here. He can, as if at home,

How long do you need to rest and get ready to go again?

HOST: Yes, there is a lot at the elevator of bread. Grain is brought here from all fields for storage.

SONG "HARVEST"

(7 picture - cars - flour trucks take grain to the mill)

VED: So the grain rested at the elevator and went on its way again.

CHILD: On the way bread to the mill, the mill is a miracle worker.

It's more lush here than the clouds, and in any quantity

By the will of electricity, flour is produced.

CHILD: And, having filled the unusual round body with this cargo,

Bogatyr, the flour truck, brought flour to the factory.

(8 picture – bakery, baker, container with different bakery products)

CHILD: Here are the bagels, the rolls, just jumping out of the oven.

CHILD: And here are the printed gingerbread cookies, so elegant,

We won’t eat them right away, let them dance and see.

(after the dance there is a knock on the door, 3 collective farmers appear with a loaf of bread on a beautiful towel,

They say hello and say):

1 COLLECTIVE FARMER: Here he is, fragrant bread, with a crunchy twisted crust.

Here it is, warm, golden, as if bathed in sunshine.

In every home, for every table, he complained came.

2 COLLECTIVE FARMER: In it is our health, strength, in it is wonderful warmth,

How many hands raised him, protected him, took care of him.

3 COLLECTIVE FARMER: After all, the grains did not immediately become that bread, What's on table.

People have worked long and hard on the earth.

(collective farmers all sing together): Cars are rushing out of the bakery, whose birthday is today,

Set the table quickly, we baked a loaf.

(all the children stand around the collective farmers and sing "Loaf"): How on holiday- We baked a loaf of bread for the name day

This height, this width.

The sun is visible from the sky, children are dancing in circles.

Get up in a round dance, we baked a loaf.

1 COLLECTIVE FARMER: I’m walking, walking, walking and bringing my friends with me.

In it is the native juice of the earth, the cheerful light of the sun is in it,

Eat by both cheeks - grow up to be a hero (treat bread for all present)

2 COLLECTIVE FARMER: Glory bread on the table! Glory to peace on earth!

Glory to those who raised bread, spared no effort and effort!

3 COLLECTIVE FARMER: Glory to them, greetings from us. Goodbye! Good morning (leave)

(The holiday ends)

The Altai region is one of the main breadbaskets of Russia, and today more than one third of the grain of the West Siberian region is produced here. There are many fertile lands in the region, the main grain crop– spring wheat durum varieties, as well as rye, buckwheat

For all nations, bread is the main product necessary for existence. Every day we eat different types bakery products. How do they get to our table? I decided to study this issue. To begin with, of course, find out what the flour is made from, which is so necessary for kneading the dough. To study the process of growing and making bread, we decided to observe the sowing, germination, cultivation, harvesting of grain at the Sorochelogovsky state farm in the Pervomaisky district of the Altai Territory, and the production of flour and bread at enterprises in the city of Novoaltaisk. And also, with the help of literature and the Internet, find out: when did the first bread appear and who made such a wonderful and tasty discovery?

Based on the above, the purpose of my article is to study where bread comes from.

To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set:

▪ learn the history of the appearance of bread;

▪ get acquainted with the main stages of cultivation, procurement and production of bread and bakery products;

▪ find out how much and what ingredients are needed to bake a loaf of bread;

▪ study the capabilities of a computer for presenting research results.

The object of study is bread.

The subject of the research is methods of bread production.

Hypothesis:

▪ Suppose, having studied the history and basic concepts of bread, the author of the work will be able to compare, in the course of the study, the methods and methods of producing bread in the old days and at the present time.

To achieve this goal, we have identified the following research methods:

1. Studying historical literature, studying the concepts of cereals and bread using encyclopedias and the Internet.

2. Observe how they sow, grow, and harvest grain in the fields of the Sorochelogovsky state farm in the Pervomaisky district of the Altai Territory.

3. Find out the process of turning grain into flour.

4. Get acquainted with the process of making bakery products at the Novoaltaysky bakery.

5. Bake bread at home.

6. Study fiction.

Practical significance. The results of the project will be presented in the form of presentations, an exhibition of bakery products, a model of harvesting bread in the old days, a booklet of recipes, a crossword puzzle, as well as a collection of materials about bread “Bread is the head of everything!” will be presented, which can be used in classroom hours, labor lessons, natural science and literary reading in primary school. The collection was transferred to the library of Gymnasium No. 166 in Novoaltaisk, Altai Territory.

Bread and its history

Having started researching the chosen topic, I decided to find out when the first bread appeared, what it looked like and who made such a wonderful discovery?

The history of bread

According to historians and archaeologists, bread was “discovered” over 15 thousand years ago. In the Stone Age, our prehistoric ancestors ate grains raw. Primitive people they collected grains of wild wheat and simply chewed them. That is, the first bread was liquid cereal porridge or stew. It turns out that this porridge is still consumed in some countries in Asia and Africa. Someone thought of grinding the grains between two stones—future millstones—to a powdery state. This is how the first flour appeared. When ancient people learned to make fire, they began to bake unleavened cakes, which turned out to be much tastier than grain porridge.

The ancient Egyptians are considered the first true bakers. Even during the construction of the pyramids, 5-6 thousand years ago, they, most likely by accident, discovered a way to loosen dough by fermentation - for example, once an ancient Egyptian could leave a mixture of flour and water in a warm oven overnight, and in the morning he unexpectedly discovered soft dough, from which more delicious bread. So, fluffy rolls replaced hard-stone cakes.

Other peoples used the skimmed foam from beer to make “lighter bread.” In those parts of the ancient world where wine was drunk, a mixture of grape juice and flour that was allowed to ferment, or wheat bran soaked in wine. However, the method discovered by the Egyptians was considered the most widespread. Once kneaded sour dough, people have learned to bake real bread.

Several more millennia passed, and man, without even knowing it, learned to use microscopic organisms to improve the taste of bread - baker's yeast and lactic acid bacteria. This is how it appeared sour bread from fermented dough.

It is believed that the ancient Greek bakers gave the bread its name. They baked bread in clay forms - pots called "klibanos". It was from this name that the word “bread” appeared, which different options borrowed by other peoples: the ancient Goths called bread “hlaifs”, from which the word “hlaib” was formed in the Old German language, which was then transformed into Russian “bread”, Ukrainian “khlib”, Estonian “leib”.

Many countries have bread museums. There are thirteen of them in total and one of them is located in our country in the city of St. Petersburg. The Zurich Museum, for example, displays bread that is 6,000 years old. Scientists found it at the bottom of the lake. Once upon a time, a very long time ago, it fell into thick silt and was preserved there to this day: it was petrified and preserved. The New York City Museum displays a kalach baked 3,400 years ago. The very fact of preserving such an ancient product of human hands as a sacred relic is symbolic. This is evidence of the grateful memory of man, the moral value of Bread.

Theoretical justification of the concept of “bread”

This work involves giving a concept (definition) to the main words used in the work, which we have systematized in the table:

Bread is a collective name for a group of food products prepared by baking, steaming or frying a dough consisting of at least flour and water. In most cases, salt is added and a raising agent such as yeast is also used. Spices are also added to some types of bread.

(such as cumin seeds) and grains (sesame seeds, poppy seeds).

The seeds also serve for decoration.

Flour is made from grains crushed to a powdery state. The main structure of baked bread depends on flour. The most common flours are rye, barley, corn, wheat flour and others, but wheat flour is most often used for making bread. On average, grain in the process of turning into flour travels up to 5 km along the various floors of a modern mill.

Cereals are a group of flowering plants, in which there are many species. They prefer to grow in open spaces. The first farmers introduced grains into cultivation, which they then improved through selection. The most important cereals today are wheat, rye, rice, corn, oats, and barley.

Wheat is a genus of annual and perennial grasses of the cereal family, a leading grain crop in many countries, including

Russia. Mainly soft wheat and durum wheat (winter and spring forms) are cultivated. Flour from wheat grains is used for baking bread, making pasta and confectionery. The grain is short and thick

(bellied) in the middle.

RYE is a genus of annual and perennial grasses of the cereal family, a grain crop. In Russia, rye is one of the most important grain plants; cultivated rye is cultivated - winter and spring varieties.

Rye is the only type cultural rye, which is widespread in world agriculture, including in Russia, as the most important food and feed crop. The grain is long.

A spike is an inflorescence characterized by an elongated main axis on which sessile single flowers or spikelets of several flowers are located. In the first case, the inflorescence is called a simple spike (plantain, orchids), in the second -

complex ear (most grains, including wheat, rye, barley).

A sickle is a tool for cutting cereals and herbs, consisting of a tapering, rounded blade (usually steel) and a short wooden handle. The sickle is one of the oldest human tools and a symbol of agriculture. Among the ancient Greeks, the sickle was therefore a device of the fertility goddess Demeter.

A millstone is a pair of stone circles used in wind and water mills, including tidal mills, and is used for grinding wheat and other grains into flour.

Grinding corn in a water mill (Northern Albania)

A mill is a mechanism for grinding something.

They differ in the type of drive, currently almost always electric, and the grinding principle. The choice of mill type is determined by the size of the initial grains, the hardness of the material being ground and productivity. By type of drive there are:

hand, water, wind, electric mills.

How and from what is bread made?

Having learned the history of the appearance of bread and the basic concepts, I decided to explore the process of the appearance of bread in modern conditions.

From the stories of adults, I found out that the main component for making bread is flour. Where does it come from?

Flour is made from grains that have been ground into a powder, I learned while studying the basic concepts. The main structure of baked bread depends on flour. The most common flours are rye, barley, corn and others, but wheat flour is most often used for making bread.

We conducted our research in the fields of the Sorochelogovsky state farm in the Pervomaisky district of the Altai Territory, which grows winter rye. Winter means that grain is planted in the fall (winter) and when the grain germinates, it is covered with a blanket of snow. In the spring, when the snow melts, the sprouts begin to gain strength under the bright sun, turning into a spikelet. The spikelet grew all summer. Earth, sun, water, warmth helped a small grain turn into an ear full of new grains. And the field began to bloom with a rich harvest.

It turns out that in the old days bread was collected (cut) by hand with a sickle. Both men and women went out into the fields to harvest grain. They worked from early morning until night, just to harvest the grain before the rains. They collected the ears of grain into sheaves, dried them, and cleaned them. And then they poured the grain into barns (which were called threshing floors), where it was stored. And in order to get flour, they went to the miller's mill. For clarity, I made a model of harvesting bread in the old days.

Nowadays, in order to harvest bread without loss to the last grain, combine harvesters go into the field. Combine operators work day and night. The self-propelled grain harvester does everything itself!

He rolls across the field himself. With his own knives he cuts the ears of rye (wheat), as if using a clipper. Then he threshes them himself - shakes the grains out of the ears. It blows itself - with a strong stream of air it blows away the chaff from each grain.

In the Sorochelogovsky state farm of the Pervomaisky district there are warehouses to which part of the grain is delivered from the fields, after having been cleaned and dried. The rest is sent to the elevator of the grain receiving enterprise in the city of Novoaltaisk.

At the elevator there is a mill where grain is processed, turning it into flour and cereals. There are different types of flour - wheat, rye, corn, barley. Made from wheat flour White bread, from rye - black. It turns out that semolina and millet cereals are made from wheat.

Flour from the mill is supplied to OJSC Novoaltaysky Bread Factory and to stores in the city and region.

Glory to peace on earth!

Glory to the bread on the table!

Glory to those who raised bread,

He spared no effort and effort.

In the old days, bread was baked in every home in a Russian oven. Nowadays, homemade bread is baked very rarely. It's difficult. You need to start the dough, watch it so that it ripens, knead the dough, rest it, heat the oven so that the bread is well baked. In a word, it is troublesome to do this at home. Another thing is a bakery. There is one bakery in our city of Novoaltaysk. It was founded 53 years ago on February 27, 1956. In 1966, the Novoaltaysky Bakery Plant was renamed the Novoaltaysky Bread Factory. Our bakery produces more than 8,000 tons of products per year of 50 items.

At the bakery, bags of flour are unloaded into storage. Then it is sifted: poured out of the bags and passed through a sieve and even past a magnet so that iron grains do not accidentally slip into the dough. He will pull them towards him and will not let them move on.

At the next stage, the flour enters the bucket booths (vats), previously hung on automatic scales. Then add water with sugar, salt, yeast. Without yeast you cannot make real dough. In the next workshop, special machines knead the dough. The dough is proofing - it rises in a slide, and just like that it will crawl over the edge. That's it, it's time to unload. There is a machine for this too. He lifts a heavy vat like a feather and tips it into a machine to form loaves, long loaves, etc. The dough is cut into equal pieces, then shapeless slices are rolled out, turning them into neat long “sausages.” The “sausages” are placed on a self-propelled track (conveyor), which carries them to the oven. The bread turns out fluffy, airy, and nostrils. How do you get such “holes” in bread? It turns out that the whole point is that yeast fungi absorb the sugar contained in the dough, forming alcohol and carbon dioxide. This gas fills the bubbles in the dough, causing the dough to rise and become loose. In the oven bubble dough covered in heat, its thin films around the bubbles dry out, and the result is soft, easily chewable bread with “holes.”

If used to be bread baked by hand, now the work is almost completely mechanized. In the workshops of the Novoaltaysky bakery, everything is done by hand, but not by people, but by machines. Hard-working hands, skillful, fast! In just one day and one night they manage to bake enough bread for an entire city. Early in the morning, trucks with freshly baked bread and bakery products begin to leave the territory of the Novoaltaysky bakery. This is how the bread ends its journey, ending up in the canteens of schools, kindergartens, and on the shelves of city stores. The whole process of the appearance of bread can be seen in the wonderful poem “Bread” by S. Krupina:

How will the grain ripen in the fields?

They will thresh on the currents,

They will grind with millstones,

Bake in hot ovens

And, ready, on trays,

Sold in retail outlets.

And then loaves, rolls

We carry it in our bag for lunch!

This is the long way bread travels to get to our table. The author of the work displayed this path in the form of a diagram.

Plow the ground in the fall to plant winter rye

↓ Sow seeds

↓ Protect, preserve seedlings

↓ Harvesting bread with a combine

↓ Grain is dried and cleaned

Part for state farm warehouses

Part for the elevator of the grain receiving enterprise in Novoaltaisk

Mill

Novoaltaysky bakery Shops in the city and region

In order to find out whether the guys in the class are familiar with the bread production process (i.e., to determine whether the chosen topic is relevant), we decided to conduct a survey questionnaire, the results of which were summarized in a diagram.

When answering the first question, the majority of the guys (namely 67%) answered correctly. But 33% still answered that wheat is harvested from the fields with a scythe. When the author of the work asked Ilya Siyalov and Angela Surodeeva, why did they decide that wheat was harvested with a scythe and not with a combine? Angela answered this way because she thought the question was about how wheat used to be harvested. I, in turn, explained to the children that previously the wheat harvest was harvested (harvested) from the fields with a sickle and this was called the time of suffering.

But when answering the second question, the guys doubted who turns grain into flour? Novikova Marina believes that she is an agronomist. Who is an agronomist and what does he do? 11% of the class thinks so. The author of the work explained that the agronomist monitors how the grain grows. Bobkova Ulya answered the baker (39% of the class answered the same). And Timofey, Mown Down, decided that the tractor driver collects grain from the fields and turns it into flour. However, 44% of the class answered correctly – miller. After all, grain is transported from the fields to mills and warehouses.

56% of children know that Borodino bread is baked from rye flour. But 28% doubted and answered that wheat bread is baked from rye flour.

To the question for reflection, in which you can indicate several answer options, the children’s votes were distributed as follows: 37% believed that a mill is involved in the production of bread. Egor Romanenko explained this in such a way that bread is made from flour (the main ingredient), and flour is made in a mill. 17% decided that the store takes part in the production of bread. Ksenia Rashchupkina explained her choice (bakery and store) this way: bread is baked at the bakery, so it is involved in the production of bread (46% also answered), and she chose the store because she saw mini-bakeries in the Maria-Ra chain of stores, where they also bake bread and various bakery products(cheesecakes, pies, cookies, etc.)

And at the end of the survey, I asked what bakery products my classmates preferred. It turned out that the majority (45%) have a sweet tooth and prefer cookies just like me.

After analyzing the responses to the survey questionnaire, we concluded that the chosen topic is relevant and requires research. Many guys don’t know how bread “came” to the table and what professions people are involved in bread production.

There are a great variety of bakery products. Look at our exhibition.

This is a hundredth part of what can be made from flour. Many countries have their own national recipes preparations and methods of baking bread. I developed a booklet of bread recipes to compare the ways of making and baking bread by different peoples, as well as to experiment with baking a Russian loaf at home. From time immemorial, loaves of bread in Rus' have been baked in a Russian oven; the British and French bake bread in a similar way. But the peoples of the Caucasus traditionally bake bread on the hot inner wall of an oven - a tandoor, also called “tonir” in Armenian and “torn” in Georgian. Italian bread Chapatis are cooked in a dry frying pan, and the peoples of Central Asia (Tatars, Bashkirs) cook (fry) baursaks in a frying pan in large quantities fat Thus, at different nations not only different national recipes for making bread, but also ways of baking it. This booklet can be used in the future in labor lessons (you can choose one of the most available recipes and cook as a class).

At the next stage of the research, my mother and I decided to conduct an experiment - bake a loaf at home. We needed the following ingredients: water, sugar, salt, yeast and, of course, flour. How much flour is needed to make one loaf of bread? It turns out that everything depends on the recipe and the mass of the future product. According to the recipe booklet, to prepare our loaf you needed 1 kg of wheat flour, 50g of fresh yeast, butter– 250g, sugar – 1 glass, milk – 0.5l, eggs – 2 pcs, salt – 1 pinch and 1 egg for decoration. After kneading the dough, we put it in a warm place to rise for about 2 hours. Knead the dough several times to make the loaf more airy.

At the next stage, we laid out the dough on the table and tore off a small piece for decoration. Make a ball from the main piece of dough and place it on a greased baking sheet. Made from torn dough various decorations. We brushed our loaf with egg, laid out our decorations and put it in the oven to bake for a whole hour. After 1 hour and 15 minutes, a ruddy loaf of unprecedented beauty was taken out of the oven.

And the smell! I just want to tear off a piece. My grandmother says that if the house smells of bread, then everything evil spirits and misfortunes leave this house.

Bread as a folk symbol

For all peoples, bread was the main product necessary for existence. At the same time, bread played a special role in the spiritual life of man. In almost all cultures, bread is considered a holy, blessed food. There are many ceremonies and rituals associated with baking.

While conducting research on the chosen topic, I found out that bread is not just a food product, it is a real national symbol. It turns out that hymns and songs were composed in honor of bread, and holidays were held to mark the end of the harvest. The bride and groom were greeted with bread and salt, a newborn, and dear guests were welcomed. All these folk rituals contain human wisdom, a respectful attitude towards bread, which was passed down from generation to generation and was instilled in the child literally from the first days of life.

The subject seems simple, but there are so many mysteries and different beliefs associated with it. It turns out that in Ancient Greece bread was an independent food, and it was assigned perhaps the most honorable role. There was a belief that a person who eats food without bread will be punished by the gods. In India they also believed that a person was committing a sin and would certainly have an unhappy fate if he did not eat bread. Even criminals in this country were punished by being deprived of bread for a more or less long time, depending on the severity of the offense they committed. Even today, Hindu believers begin their morning prayers with the words: “Everything is food, but bread is its great mother.”

Bread was especially valued and revered in Rus'. It is difficult to find a fairy tale in which the heroes do not carry bread or crackers with them. That's how it was in folk tales: There is bread and a person is full. He sprinkles the crust with salt, eats it, drinks water from the spring and goes, strong and brave, to his heroic deeds. And if he meets a hungry or beggar on the way, what will he share first? Bread. In it, in bread, is the wealth, strength and kindness of the Russian person.

“Bread is the head of everything,” “Bread is on the table, so is the table, but not a piece of bread is the table,” “He who is glad to work will be rich in bread,” “And lunch is not at lunch, if there is no bread.” These folk proverbs and sayings reflect a loving, caring attitude towards bread. No wonder they affectionately called him: “Bread is our father.”

Bread is rich not only in legends and fairy tales. There are many mysteries about him, such as:

A spikelet grew in a field. A house grew in a field.

I'm lying on the table in a piece. (Bread) The house is full of grain.

The walls are gilded

Small Butter Shutters are boarded up.

The edible wheel makes the house shake

I won't eat you alone on a golden pillar. (Ear)

I'll share it with all the kids. (Bagel)

Wonderful artists like Zinaida Evgenievna Serebryakova, Shishkin I.M., Yablonskaya T.N., Plastov A.A. painted paintings with grain fields, harvesting bread, etc. Paintings by these artists can be seen in the collection of materials about bread “Bread - the head of everything!”

Bread is revered not only in poetry, but also exhibitions are dedicated to it. In the city of Barnaul, for example, such exhibitions are held annually - on June 5, 2009, the Bread Festival was held in Altai. All kinds of breads, pies with various fillings, loaves, buns, cheesecakes. On October 27-30, 2009, at the agro-industrial exhibition, the historical exposition “Altai peasantry: the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century” was presented, where photographs and unique exhibits were presented. They showed how the first experimental field was organized, large farms appeared, and also how the harvest and threshing of grain took place at the beginning of the 20th century.

There are so many proverbs and sayings, riddles, poems, and fairy tales related to bread in Russian literature that my teacher and I decided to collect this material about bread into a collection that can be used in classroom hours and literary reading lessons in primary school.

The collection reflects not only proverbs, poems and riddles, but also interesting facts related to the production of bread and its history.

While developing the collection, I realized that people value bread very much. Do my classmates know how to value bread and will they treat bread differently after the presentation of the work? Think this topic can be used for the next study.

Having completed my research, I can say that I learned a lot about the history of bread. Found a lot interesting facts and on class hour shared the information she found with her classmates. It turns out there is breadfruit! All interesting stories and I collected much more in the collection “Bread is the Head of Everything!”, which was donated to the library of gymnasium No. 166, where I study. Judging by the marks on the first page, the created collection is interesting to the children.

Having completed the main part of the work - researching the path of bread from grain to loaf and conducting an experiment - I baked bread at home, I believe that I have achieved my goal. In addition, I gained some experience as a housewife. The published booklet of recipes pleased the girls in my class and aroused interest. Marina even tried baking English muffins (with the help of her mom, of course).

Working on the project showed me how multifaceted bread is. On the one hand, it is a product, on the other hand, it is a national symbol, a breadwinner, a symbol of peace.

This work was presented at the city and regional competition “I am a researcher” and awarded Laureate certificates.

This year, my leader and I decided to continue researching bread and took the topic - “What is it, the bread of war?” In our city there live participants of the Great Patriotic War, siege survivors, but the research interested me after my grandmother’s stories about the bread of war and the special attitude towards it.

MOSCOW DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

STATE BUDGET EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

MOSCOW CITY SCHOOL No. 2026 SPD 4

ABSTRACT

On organizing and conducting cognitive activities in preparatory group.

“Bread is the head of everything!”

Completed by the teacher:

Abdullaeva S.N.

Moscow 2015

Summary of a lesson in the preparatory group on the formation of a holistic picture of the world on the topic: “Bread is the head of everything!”

Program content:
-To instill in children a caring attitude and respect for bread and the people who raised it;
-Expand children’s knowledge about the importance of bread in human life;
-Introduce children to the process of growing bread;
-Give an idea of ​​how bread came to our table; pay attention to the content of people’s labor, to their coherence and mutual assistance in work, to the mechanization of labor;
-To consolidate children’s knowledge that bread is one of the most important food products in Russia.

Preliminary work:
-Conversation about the grain harvest;
-Looking at illustrations;
-Memorizing proverbs, conversation, reading literary works on the topic; -Examination of ears of rye and wheat;

Progress

Educator:
Guys, today I invite you on a journey. But try to guess what we will talk about during our journey:

Guess easily and quickly:
Soft, lush and fragrant,
He's black, he's white,
And sometimes it’s burnt.
(Bread)

Children:
Bread.

Educator:
Yes, that’s right, we’ll talk about him exactly. Bread, bread, bread. WITH golden brown crust, fragrant, aromatic, hot, soft. He is the most important person on every table. But you can tell me what else it might be like. Now we will play the game: “What kind of bread?”

Selection of definitions for nouns. (Children stand in a circle and pass a ball around and name definitions, for example, bread is ruddy, fresh, fragrant, appetizing, soft, stale, white, hot, vitamin-rich, airy, aromatic)

Educator:
Bread can be different, but it is always healthy and tasty. Bread contains vitamin B, which strengthens nervous system, memory, improves digestion. Guys, who knows where the bread came to us from?

Children:
They buy it in the store.

Educator:
Would you like me to tell you how it got into the store? But first, tell me, who knows what bread is made from?

Children:
They bake from flour.

Educator:
What is flour and where is it obtained from?

Children:
From grains.
Educator: Right. Let's play a game: “Name which one, which one, which one?” I will say the words and you will continue.

Rye bread - rye; Wheat bread – wheat bread; Oat porridge - oatmeal; Millet porridge – millet; Barley porridge – barley; Corn porridge - corn; Buckwheat porridge – buckwheat; Field with rye - rye; Field with wheat - wheat; Field with oats - oat; Field with barley - barley; Field with corn - corn; Field with buckwheat - buckwheat; Field with millet - millet

Educator:
Right. It is obtained from wheat grains wheat flour, and from rye grains they get rye flour. To obtain flour from grains, you need to spend a lot of labor and effort: first grow rye and wheat, then harvest. This is what grain growers do. Guys, do you want to know what kind of work this is?

Children:
Yes we want.

Educator:
Special machines help people grow and harvest bread. In the spring, as soon as the ground thaws and dries out, a tractor comes out into the field. Who is leading it?
Children:
Tractor driver.
Educator:
The tractor pulls an iron plow, which plows the ground deeply. And so the earth became soft, docile and loose. Now you can start sowing! Seeders are attached to the tractor and they place wheat grains into the soil in even, neat rows. The wheat has sprouted. All summer the grains ripen in the ears. The field is very beautiful at this time. Let us also turn into grains that were sown in the field.

Physical education lesson “A grain fell into the ground”
A grain has fallen into the ground, (crouch)
It began to sprout in the sun (hands above head)
The rain watered the ground,
And the sprout grew (they get up slowly)
I was drawn to light and warmth,
And he turned into a handsome man. (2 times)
Educator:
Well, the grains are ripe. The harvest begins. (Children repeat the word in chorus and individually). And other machines enter the field - combines. Who works on the combine?
Children:
Combiner.

Educator:
What does a combine do?
Children:
Collects ears of corn.
Educator:
Combine - cuts the ears and threshes grains from them; these grains are poured through a special long sleeve into trucks, which constantly drive up at the signal of the combine operator. And large yellow shocks of threshed straw come out of the combiner's straw storage tank at certain intervals.

Next, the cars transport the grain to elevators (Children repeat the word in chorus and individually) - special structures for storing grain.
Where do you think grain is transported from elevators?
Children:
To the mill.
Educator:
That's right, and there the grain is ground into flour. Guys, where does the flour go then?
Children:
To a bakery, bakery.
Educator:
Right. At the bakery there are huge vats of sourdough. Flour, salt, sugar, water, yeast are added to the vat with the starter, and special machines use mechanical “hands” to knead the bread dough. Let us turn into bakers and knead the dough for the loaf, stand in a circle.

Physical education lesson “Loaf”

(Clench your hands into fists and take turns moving them from top to bottom, as if kneading dough)

I knead, I knead the dough,
There is a place in the oven
I bake, I bake a loaf, (“we transfer the dough” from hand to hand)
Move over, go ahead. (2 times)

And now the dough is kneaded and it’s time to put it in the mold and put it in the oven. When the bread is baked, it is loaded onto cars and taken to stores.
What else is baked from flour besides bread?
Children:
Buns, cookies, cakes, pies, crackers.
Educator:
How can all these products be called in one word?
Children:
Bakery products.

Educator: Now I will tell you why all bakery products are called differently.

loaf- Have you thought that while cutting a loaf, you are holding in your hand... a stick. Yes Yes exactly. After all French word baton means stick, rod. Apparently by appearance and gave it to a long bun, like a stick, French name"loaf".

Bun – But the bun has a different story. It is closely related to... the papal bull. The history of this relationship is as follows. The word "bun" is borrowed from the Polish language. In Polish, bulka (bun) is a diminutive of bula (bulla) - big round bread. The definition of round plays a major role here, because... the original source of the Polish word bula – ball, round seal. Therefore, papal letters sealed with seals were called bulls.

Kalach- this word is of Slavic origin, but it is also associated with round shape of bread. It comes from the root kolo (wheel).

Saika- This word comes from the Estonian language. The Estonian word sai (white bread) turned into cod, which we call a bun from special test.

Educator:
You see, guys, how much work it takes to get bread. The Russian people always treat bread very carefully. Bread is the head of everything. Just three words, but exactly what the proverb says about the importance of bread. Guys, what other proverbs do you know about bread?
Children:
(Children name proverbs and sayings and explain their meaning).

“Without bread, there is no lunch.”
“Bread is father, water is mother.”
“If there is bread, there will be song.”
“A lot of light - a lot of bread.”
“You should take as much bread as you can eat.”
“You should always finish your bread.”
“You shouldn’t throw bread on the floor.”
“It’s not a big piece of the pie, but it costs a lot of work.”
Educator:
Children, please tell me what kind of work do grain growers do in the fields to grow a good grain harvest?
Children:
They plow, harrow, sow, fertilize, reap.
Educator:
What machines help grain growers?
Children:
Tractors, combines, trucks.
Educator:
How should you treat bread?
Children:
Be careful, eat it all to the end, don’t throw away the bread, it’s better to collect the leftovers and feed the birds.

Educator:
Well, our journey has come to an end, and now you know what a long journey our bread has traveled to get to the store. Bread is the main wealth of our country and it must be protected.