The ancient Persians did not like beets - they were considered a symbol of quarrels. Therefore, it was used exclusively as a medicine.

The ancient Romans also had no doubt about the bitchy nature of beets, although they ate them with pleasure. In Rus' they also ate beets - starting from the 10th century, and they did it simply, without symbols or tricks

Beetroot comes in fodder orange, dark red table and white sugar beets. The latter, as the name suggests, is used as a raw material for the production of sugar, which is much sweeter than imported cane sugar. Fodder beets are fed to livestock, although by strange “accident” you can sometimes stock up on fodder beets in the vegetable departments of supermarkets. However, nothing terrible will happen, except for the colorless borscht and tasteless vinaigrette. Because for homemade food, you still need to sell red (to black) table beets to naive consumers. It is precisely such beets that will not only delight us with their taste, but will also seriously take care of our health, because sooner or later, some kind of illness happens to each of us - as they say, either a headache, or something exactly the opposite.

Has your professional activity brought you to thrombophlebitis, hypertension and problems with the thyroid gland? Proven folk remedy: drink beetroot juice with honey - three times a day, half a glass before meals. Diabetes, gastritis, high acidity, ulcers and atherosclerosis? Drink beetroot juice, you can do it without honey, just be sure to drink it.

Beets will not only contribute to recovery, but at the same time will remove excess salts from the body, as well as poisons with which ubiquitous microbes poison us, and at the same time balance the level of hemoglobin and improve intestinal function.

However, remember: you can enjoy beets to your fullest only under one condition - if you do not suffer from urolithiasis and other diseases of the kidneys and bladder, in which case beet consumption should be limited.

If you don’t have such problems, then beets are your choice. And don’t be alarmed if fresh juice from it initially causes mild nausea and weakness. It's just that beet juice is not entertainment, but a powerful health-improving drink that you need to gradually accustom yourself to, starting with a teaspoon a day.

An excellent way to sweep out toxins from the stomach and intestines and cleanse the blood: in equal portions, grate fresh beets and carrots, finely chop cabbage, pour in vegetable oil and lemon juice. Take a tablespoon in the morning on an empty stomach.

People believed that beet juice could cure both cancer and the common cold. And rightly so. After all, beets are iron and zinc (here beets simply have no equal), potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, cobalt (promoting the production of vitamin B12), copper, manganese, iodine, sulfur, phosphorus, organic acids we need (malic, citric and wine), carotene, vitamins C, B1, B2, B6, PP and even vitamin U, which promotes the healing of ulcers and has anti-sclerotic and anti-allergic effects. It’s completely ridiculous to talk about the presence of rubidium and cesium in beets, which are responsible for our activity and vigor (and you thought that loss of strength was your personal weakness? You didn’t eat enough beets!).

What can you say about the magical substance - betaine, which not only helps the absorption of protein, but also protects our liver from, scary to think, fatty degeneration? This betaine improves liver function so remarkably that it is even specially extracted from beets - true, from sugar beets, which contain the most of it, but red beets certainly cannot do without betaine. So the conclusion is clear: the more beets, the more betaine. Just two weeks of daily intake of beet juice - and the liver is back to normal.

And at the same time, family life will improve - after all, beets have long been considered an aphrodisiac, and all thanks to the boron content in it, which is involved in the formation of hormones.

But it’s better not to go on romantic dates after taking beets. Beetroot is a strong diuretic and laxative. Which will certainly make life easier for your body, but not everyone will understand you as much as the editorial staff.

Beetroot is a gentle nature, although it was once considered a bitch. That’s why you need to treat yourself delicately. So, under no circumstances store or cook beets in their purified form - when they interact with oxygen, the vitamin C contained in them is destroyed, but do you need it? Even try to always cover the pan with a lid when cooking beets. By the way, put it in boiling water. And don’t even think about adding salt to this water – this only worsens the beetroot taste.

And, no matter how the sufferers beg you, under no circumstances cut the beets into pieces so that they “cook faster” - in this barbaric way you force the beets to pointlessly give up all their beneficial substances to the water.

And the last thing: well, don’t poke the beets with a knife or fork in an attempt to determine their readiness, don’t break their skin - let it carefully preserve for you everything you need for your own healthy life, and calmly cook over low heat - or no more than 50 minutes (if it is small), or a little more than an hour (if it is large).

And while it’s cooking, look with love at the beet tops - in skillful hands this is a delicious thing, especially since it has no less beneficial properties than the beets themselves.

Beetroot pkhali

Rinse the beet tops and place them in boiling water for two to three minutes, then drain in a colander and let the water drain. Finely chop the onion and fry in vegetable oil. Throw the walnut kernels into a dry frying pan and lightly fry them too. Lightly squeeze the finished tops and pass through a meat grinder. Follow the same procedure with walnuts, a few cloves of garlic, parsley and cilantro. Add fried onions, suneli hops, saffron, coriander, salt and pepper to the prepared mixture. Mix and add a little vinegar.

Since ancient times, the Persians took their cooking very seriously. It was believed that his health, mood and even character depend on what and how a person eats! In Avicenna’s works, special attention was paid to healthy eating, because certain combinations of foods help cure various diseases.

The basis of the Iranian diet: bread ( noon) and rice ( Berenge), simply cooked with butter ( brow) or mixed with any vegetables, fruits, nuts, spices ( polo). The bread is sold fresh, straight from the oven. But thin pita breads need to be eaten immediately, otherwise, when they cool down, they turn into cardboard to taste. The flatbreads are often topped with sesame seeds and eaten with jam, honey or cheese and washed down with a cup of tea.

For lunch and dinner, a mountain of rice with butter is offered, flavored with sour barberry or a pinch of yellow saffron. The rice is accompanied by a main dish (usually meat) and as a drink arc- liquid yogurt with salt and herbs or spices, delicious and refreshing.

In general, Iranians prefer to eat at home, which is understandable: homemade food is the most delicious. And yet, in the cities there are many restaurants for every budget; street food is very popular among the locals.

01. Our acquaintance with Iranian cuisine began in Isfahan, when we visited a restaurant recommended to us at the hotel Shahrazad. The restaurant was located not far from our hotel, and, by the way, was on my list, which I compiled in advance of my trip to Iran. Looking ahead, I will say that it was not really needed: sometimes we went to random establishments where the food turned out to be tastier than what was served in more expensive and recommended restaurants.
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02. Perhaps this was the most luxurious restaurant of our entire trip. The most luxurious and most touristy! As it turns out, it is tourist groups who come there. Although there were also locals.

03. The interior is certainly impressive. Everything is stylized, mosaics, mirrors, Persian painting...

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08. In principle, this restaurant can also be recommended from the point of view of attraction.

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12. The most interesting thing: what did we order? ;) My husband had lamb, quite tasty, according to him.

13. I decided to shuffle to my liking and immediately start with the traditional cuisine, which I had previously read about, and ordered fesenjan.

Fesenjan is duck or chicken meat in nut-pomegranate sauce. Often, instead of duck or chicken, Iranians prepare this dish with lamb, beef or even fish. This is an iconic dish of Persian cuisine.

To prepare a thick sauce that gives the meat a piquant taste, ground walnuts, pomegranate paste and onions are simmered over low heat. You can add saffron or cinnamon to taste. A pinch of sugar will help balance the acidity.

Fesenjan has a historical past. In the ruins of Persepolis, the ancient capital of the Persian Empire, archaeologists found a stone slab dated 515 BC, which mentioned the main dishes of the ancient Iranian feast. They included poultry, walnuts, and pomegranate paste - the key ingredients of the fesenjan dish.

Fesenjan always came with rice with butter and saffron.

14. Well, what can I tell you, it tastes quite good. True, the combination of sour and sweet was a little unusual for me. The tea came with sugar: the usual white lump and pieces of yellow, which can be dissolved like caramel. For two dishes and two teas we paid something like 1,500 rubles, which is considered quite expensive for Iran.

15. On Imam Square we enjoyed ice cream with saffron between waffles. I'm not a big fan of saffron, so this was a little specific for me, but delicious.

16. Iran is a mecca for those with a sweet tooth. Here you will find traditional baklava, our usual pastries (mainly with saffron and cardamom), amazing melt-in-your-mouth coconut cookies, nougat (gas in Farsi) and much, much more.

17. In an Isfahan sweet shop.

18. At the Abbasi Hotel, which I wrote about in a post about Isfahan overview, we came across another colorful place - the restaurant of the same name, where we also wanted to try local cuisine.

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20. We chose a place on the sunny veranda and made an order.

21. Non-alcoholic beer. And there is no other way here... By the way, fruit beer is very tasty!

22. Tea here, by the way, was quite expensive, which is surprising. The tea came with flat yellow sugar slices for sucking.

23. Our order is soup dizi (abgusht). This is a rich soup with stewed meat and vegetables, which is eaten in a special way. The dish is served in a pot with a mortar.

24. First, pour all the liquid into a separate plate. Everything that remains in the pot is ground into porridge with a mortar; the waiter skillfully did this in front of the “amazed audience.” :) The resulting puree contains: potatoes, onions, beans, tomatoes and meat. After this, you eat the puree as a bite with broth, or you can also eat flatbread. Tasty! By the way, abgusht is considered the food of the poor, which, however, does not stop the Persians from gobbling it up on both cheeks!

25. And, of course, kebab. Without him, Persian cuisine would be simply unthinkable. It can be any meat - beef, lamb, chicken and even camel. Served either with a mountain of rice or with pita bread, fried tomatoes, pickles, herbs, etc. You may be offered juje kebab (chicken fillet kebab marinated in lemon juice), kebab-e-qubideh (standard version, in the form of a long, well-padded piece of meat), kebab-e-barg (cut into pieces), kebab-e e-bakhtiyari (pieces of lamb alternate with pieces of chicken), etc.

26. Be sure that the meat here is always fresh, tasty and juicy. Although, when you constantly eat kebab, then you still want something different.

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28. We found this old cafe on Imam Square, right in the courtyards. The place is very colorful.

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30. The tea house is hung entirely with a variety of lamps and lamps.

31. It feels like you’re in a junk shop, where every item has its own story.

32. There are photographs of wrestlers on the walls. The so-called “houses of power” or zurkhane are popular in Isfahan. Now these are something like men's sports clubs, where you can watch the competitions of pehlivans (as strongmen are called in Iran).

33. Famous guests of this tea house. Carpets and ancient weapons hang on the walls.

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37. Here you will be served a variety of types of tea: with orange, vanilla, spices, dough in caramel syrup (something like our brushwood). Sugar should not be dipped into tea, but placed on the tongue and the tea passed through it. The place is colorful, rather, due to the interior and decor.

38. In Iran, as I wrote above, street food is widely represented. It’s here in a variety of variations: from pies with all kinds of fillings, to corn in cups like this. Ingredients: boiled corn, mushrooms, cheese, mayonnaise sauce, spices (something like khmeli-suneli). Everything is mixed well until the cheese is melted, and eaten with pleasure while it is hot. Tasty!

39. Rice ice cream. Yes, rice is a huge part of Iranian cuisine, so it is included in all sorts of sweet treats. The rice is frozen in sweet water and served with saffron (again) ice cream. A very interesting combination, although specific to me. Locals also like to drink freshly squeezed carrot juices and add ice cream to it. This delicacy is offered everywhere.

40. Another restaurant-cafe in Isfahan not far from our hotel.

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42. Traditional kebab (this time a mix of chicken and beef) and a pile of rice.

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44. On the plate, in addition to kebab and vegetables, there is also tahdig(on right). This is another Iranian dish. From Persian, the name of this dish is translated as “bottom of the pot,” which is directly related to the cooking process. When Iranians cook rice in a pot or kettle, they fry it a little to create a beautiful golden crust.

Tahdig is actually crispy fried rice. It tastes like a combination of popcorn and potato chips.

45. There are also traditional cafes with European desserts in Iran. At least, the way the Iranians themselves see them. By the way, coffee gahwe) Iranians don’t really drink. More or less decent coffee is found here only in special coffee shops, of which there are not so many. In kebab shops, you will be offered something cold as a drink: soda or non-alcoholic beer, sometimes you can also buy dug (fermented milk drink). Tea with traditional Iranian sweets is usually offered in special teahouses.

46. ​​By the way, sugar in the form of crystals on a stick is widespread. This stick needs to be dipped into tea. Original and very beautiful, in my opinion.

47. Iranian tea also means dates, fresh and large. In a caravanserai in Yazd.

48. At our hotel in Yazd we ordered Khoresht for me (this is meat or chicken stewed with vegetables, herbs and beans) and camel meat for my husband. After eating the camel, it was awkward to then ride its “relative” through the desert.

49. Here it is, camel meat with potatoes. The camel, by the way, turned out to be not very tasty, according to the husband. I didn’t dare try it, although I understand that there are double standards and so on... :(

50. Fermented milk drink dug. Sold both in aluminum cans (pictured with mint flavor) and in regular plastic bottles. Not so good with mint, by the way.

51. We found these pies in Yazd in a cafe where emigrants from Iraq work. Pies with different fillings: potatoes, mushrooms, etc. They are deep-fried and eaten with pleasure.

52. And opposite the “pie” cafe in Yazd, not far from Amir Chakhmagh Square, there was a cafe where they served probably the most delicious coffee of our lives. It also came with tiramisu, which was mercilessly destroyed by us. I can’t imagine what they added to it, but we returned to this cafe again and again while we were in Yazd. Amazingly delicious cappuccino with chocolate and some secret ingredient. ;)

53. This is already Shiraz. I don’t remember the name of the restaurant, because... we just asked the taxi driver to take us to some good restaurant. Here we found ourselves completely alone. :) Apparently, the traditional time for dinner has not yet come. I will remember this place for how long and hard I tried to explain to the waiter what I wanted. The poor fellow began to show animals on himself, until in the end I got into my phrase book and asked for fish. The waiter breathed a sigh of relief and said that they had fish. :) Otherwise it’s all kebab and kebab!

54. The fish turned out to be quite good, just a lot of breading. The rice, even though it’s delicious everywhere here, by the end of the trip, I think my eyes began to narrow.

55. Traditional kebab at my husband’s place. After all, kebab is the king of Persian cuisine, no matter what, and the Persians handle meat with a bang.

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57. Doug in a bottle. We found this cafe not far from the treasury in Tehran.

58. Soup, finally soup! The fact is that there are very few varieties of soups in Iran. We have already tried Dizi or Abgusht. There is also such a dish as Ash Rashteh. This dish is a thick bean soup with noodles, spinach, beet leaves and other herbs. Sometimes Iranians add sour yogurt to the soup before serving. Ash Rashte is associated with one very interesting tradition - noodles symbolize the many life paths that appear before a person. In the photo it’s just some kind of thick vegetable soup, but, by the way, delicious!

59. I hit the fish again. They brought me this huge thing, which, naturally, I didn’t eat all of. By the way, a funny moment that happened in this cafe. We were sitting opposite a mother and daughter (this is normal, in ordinary cafes the table is shared between several guests), so when I tried to wash down the fish with a glass, my daughter carefully and politely addressed me in English, saying that her mother was very worried about me, because In Iran it is not customary to wash down fish with fermented milk product: she worries about my stomach. I thanked you for such attention and ordered myself tea. :)

60. Traditional kebab at my husband’s place. ;) Men love meat!

61. For two, a pile of rice with spices.

62. There is a check next to the plate. For everything we paid about 1000 rubles for two. This is considered the average price. You can estimate the serving sizes yourself.

In addition to the above dishes, you can also highlight gorme sabzi- this dish is dark green in color, it is chopped meat stewed with vegetables, beans and herbs. The main secret to preparing ghormeh sabzi is to add a fried mixture of herbs to the dish, which consists mainly of parsley, leeks or green onions, cilantro and dried fenugreek leaves.

Zereshk polo- lamb pilaf with barberry - a classic oriental dish (maybe other meat instead of lamb). In general, there are many varieties of pilaf (polo) in Iran, but it should not be confused with traditional Uzbek pilaf. Because Iranian polo can be without meat.

Salad-e-Shirazi- Shiraz salad - prepared from cucumbers, tomatoes, onions and lettuce leaves, generously seasoning it all with lemon juice.

In general, it’s better not to write about Iranian cuisine, but to try it, so go to Iran to feel the unforgettable taste of this country!

Among the ancient Persians, beets were considered a symbol of quarrels, discord and gossip. Anyone who wanted to annoy a rival or foe secretly threw it into the house. In Rus' they thought that its decoction destroyed harmful insects. There was a ritual of burying insects SQRT flies, cockroaches, +walled up= in this vegetable. The Greeks, on the contrary, valued her very much. Even thanksgiving offerings were made in the form of silver beets. Yes, yes, we are talking about beets.
Beta in Latin means beet. The common root beet is called Beta vulgaris by botanists.
Even 2000 BC. e. The Assyrians, Babylonians, and Persians knew beets as a vegetable and medicinal plant. Its cultural cultivation began no later than 1000 BC. e. One of the most ancient documents confirming this is a list of plants in the gardens of the Babylonian king Merodah-Baladan (722-711 BC) where there is a mention of leaf beets. Around 500 BC. e., when in Europe they still ate “tops”, in Asia they tried “roots”, which turned out to be both more filling and tastier. Soon, Europeans began to consider beets mainly as a root crop. Thus, Theophrastus in his “Research on Plants” writes that... the root of beets is thick and fleshy, tastes sweet and pleasant, which is why some eat it raw.
In Rus', beets have been known since approximately the 10th - 11th centuries. Information about her is found in Svyatoslav's Izbornik. It is assumed that beets began their glorious journey across Rus' from the Principality of Kyiv. From here it penetrated the Novgorod and Moscow lands, Poland and Lithuania. Beets, along with turnips and cabbage, became widespread in Russia in the 14th century. This is evidenced by numerous entries in the receipt and expenditure books of monasteries, shop books and other sources. And in the 17th - 17th centuries, beets became completely Russified; Russians considered them a local plant. Beet crops moved far to the north - even the residents of Kholmogory successfully cultivated it. Much credit for the spread and cultivation of table beets in Russia belongs to the wonderful Russian naturalists, agronomists and breeders Bolotov and Grachev. Ukraine has always been the true center of beet growing. This is evidenced, in particular, by a questionnaire survey conducted in 1766. And Ukrainian cuisine itself is the best confirmation of this. After all, as N. F. Zolotnitsky wrote in 1911: ... the famous Little Russian borscht was prepared back in the 16th century, and sliced ​​beets with ginger seasoning were served to the boyars behind the liras as an appetizer for the appetite. At all times and among different peoples, beets were considered an exclusively healing product. Even the “father of medicine,” Hippocrates, recognized it as useful for treating patients and included it in dozens of medicinal prescriptions. Cicero, Mir Pial, Virgil, Plutarch and other thinkers of antiquity wrote about beets. Serious works on its medicinal properties were left by Dios Coril and Avicenna. It is true that Avicenna spoke highly of its medicinal benefits. beets, underestimated its nutritional properties. “It is of little nutritional value, like other vegetables,” wrote the great physician of the Middle Ages.
In 1747, the German chemist A. S. Marggraf discovered sucrose in beet tubers and proposed using this vegetable to produce sugar. Before this, sugar was produced mainly from sugar cane and it was very expensive (however, in fairness, it should be noted that even a hundred years before Marggraf, the Turks knew how to boil beet syrup and made sweets from it). The purpose of the beets was determined. True, the sucrose contained in ordinary table beets was clearly not enough to establish industrial sugar production from it. A special variety of beets was needed. Interestingly, politics became the catalyst for the accelerated breeding of sugar beets. In an effort to disrupt England's profitable trade in cane sugar from its overseas colonies. Napoleon set a huge prize of a million francs for anyone who would invent a method for producing cheap sugar from beets. Sugar beets were developed during Napoleon's lifetime, but he never received the technology for sugar production. Beginning in the 19th century, the production of beet sugar in Europe began to gain strength. In Russia, the first sugar production, according to D.V. Kanshin, was organized by Count Bobrinsky, the son of Catherine II and Grigory Orlov. However, it developed rather slowly, and sugar was very expensive. Even at the beginning of the century, it surpassed honey in price. Therefore, sugar did not play a significant role in the diet of the common people of Russia for quite a long time, but was used rather as a delicacy.
For a long time, various superstitions have been associated with beets. Rhineland peasants believed that before celebrating the New Year, it was necessary to bring all the beets left for the winter into the house, otherwise there would be no prosperity for the family.
In Rus' they thought that beet broth destroyed harmful insects. Every year on September 1, the onset of “Indian summer” was celebrated. On this day, a ritual was performed to bury insects - flies, cockroaches, “walled up” in beets.
The ancient Persians considered beets a symbol of quarrels, discord and gossip. Anyone who wanted to annoy a rival or enemy would secretly throw branchy wild beets into his house.
The Saxons also had a funny custom in ancient times. It used to be that the groom would come to woo the bride’s relatives, and if they treated him to jelly, it meant they were welcome as a friend, but if they brought him boiled beets, it was better to go home.
The Greeks, on the contrary, valued this vegetable very much. Even thanksgiving offerings were made in the form of silver beets.
Table beets contain proteins, carbohydrates, and organic acids (citric, malic, lactic). As well as vitamins B1, B2, P, PP, C, provitamin A and micro- and macroelements potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, iodine, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt. Due to the optimal ratio of these substances, beets are considered a valuable food product. Boiled grated beets are one of the effective means of healing the intestines, which also promotes rhythmic bowel movements. Beetroot dishes help the bile ducts contract more actively. They have a calming effect on the nervous system, maintain proper tone of blood vessels, help normalize fat metabolism, and reduce cholesterol levels in the blood. Beetroot helps in the fight against atherosclerosis, is useful for the prevention of myocardial infarction, stroke, hypertension and varicose veins. Beatin, contained in beets, promotes the breakdown and absorption of food proteins and is actively involved in the formation of choline, which increases the vital activity of liver cells.
When talking about the benefits of red beets, one cannot fail to mention iodine. There is serious concern about the annual increase in thyroid diseases, and this is the result of iodine deficiency. Beets contain iodine, so they can be used not only for prevention, but also for the treatment of the mentioned diseases.
The roots and leaves of beets contain substances that can prevent the development of cancer. The basis containing the substance that affects cancer cells are anthocyanins - coloring compounds from the group of plant phenols. It turned out that anthocyanins from other plants - blueberries, black currants, black elderberries, St. John's wort and red wine are also able to stop the development of cancer cells. True, red beets, according to experiments, are eight times more effective. Beets also help in case of radiation injuries - they have the ability to remove radioactive substances from the body (boiled beets also retain this ability). Red beets remove poisons and heavy metals from our body.
The tops of young beets contain a lot of provitamin A, vitamins C and group B, as well as micro- and macroelements and free organic acids. Our ancestors never considered beet leaves as unnecessary waste. Beet tops can be eaten from early summer until late autumn: in various salads, beetroot soups, as raw and cooked seasonings for first and second courses. Especially valuable are young beet tops, which appear quite early, when the body still lacks greenery.
Cocktails from freshly prepared beet, apple, and carrot juices are good stimulants for the acid-forming and secretory functions of the gastric glands.
Beetroot juice is known for its hematopoietic properties. Thanks to the content of very high-quality iron (it is much better absorbed compared to artificially created forms), it contributes to the formation of blood cells, especially red blood cells (erythrocytes), and the supply of oxygen to all organs of the body. Beetroot juice renews the blood, saturating it with minerals and natural sugars, so it is widely used to treat anemia (anemia).
In addition, freshly prepared beet juice promotes more active formation of bile by the liver, secretion of pancreatic juice and strengthening of its digestive properties. However, when consumed in significant quantities, it is better to leave the juice for 2 hours, since very fresh juice can cause spasms of blood vessels. It is best to consume it half and half with carrot juice.
Due to the presence of sucrose in beets, dishes made from it are included with caution in the diets of patients with diabetes.
The water in which the beets were boiled has a good effect on burns, acne and skin inflammation. A mixture of this water and food vinegar in a ratio of three to one is useful for washing irritated skin. A decoction of beets with the addition of a small amount of vinegar is a good rinse for dandruff.
Almost all cosmetologists advise drinking beetroot juice to keep your facial skin fresh. This refreshing effect of beets has been known since ancient times. Many beauties of past years regularly consumed beets and their juice to maintain a slim figure (beets cleanse the body of toxins), good spirits, and cheerfulness. Moreover, not only ordinary girls, but also representatives of high society resorted to the “services” of beets.

Description

Who doesn't know beets? She comes from the Mediterranean coast. In Rus', beets have been grown for more than a thousand years.

Many peoples have various superstitions associated with beets. The ancient Persians, for example, considered it a symbol of quarrels, discord and gossip. If someone wanted to “annoy” an opponent, he would secretly throw beets into his house. The Saxons treated the groom to whom they refused to give his daughter as a wife with boiled beets. The Russians read that beet broth destroys harmful insects. So, with the onset of “Indian summer”, in many villages a ritual was performed to bury flies, cockroaches and other insects immured in beets. Unfortunately, this did not reduce the number of flies. Not so long ago, one of the favorite table dishes in Russia was botvinya. It was considered a shame if the housewife prepared this dish poorly.

The plant is biennial. In the first year, a thick burgundy root crop grows from the sown seeds. If it is planted in the new spring, it will produce a flower shoot in the summer; and by autumn the seeds will ripen. Beetroot brings prosperity to the farmer. In the fields, with good care, 600 - 700 centners of beets grow on each hectare. And in gardens it is held in high esteem. It grows quickly and gives the summer resident tasty tops and healthy roots.

A biennial, root-bearing plant of the goosefoot family, it is a close relative of leaf, sugar and fodder beets. In the first year it forms only a root crop with a rosette of basal leaves, in the second year it forms a flowering stem and seeds. The shape of the root crop is varied: from flat to elongated-conical. The color of the pulp ranges from white to dark red.

Among vegetables, after cabbage and carrots, beets rank third in nutritional value. It is rich in carbohydrates, mineral salts, vitamins, organic acids and microelements, and has healing properties. It is used in human nutrition all year round, as it is well stored and does not lose its nutritional properties when cooked.

It is recommended to grow the early ripening variety Pushkinskaya Ploskaya K-18, mid-early - Bordeaux 237, mid-ripening - Odnorostkovaya, Cold-resistant, Gribovskaya Ploskaya A-473, Egyptian Ploskaya, Leningradskaya Round 221/17, etc.

Agricultural technology

Red beets are one of the most unpretentious crops in the entire summer cottage. It “succeeds” almost always: it grows without special care even in cold weather. Beets require the main attention only in the first month after planting: the seedlings should be thinned out and fed once every two weeks. The root crop even has virtually no pests.

The plant is relatively demanding of growing conditions, including temperature. The growing season is short - 60-100 days, depending on the variety and growing conditions. Beets grow well on loams and sandy loams, and on black soils.

Beets do not tolerate waterlogged, cold and acidic soils with low potassium and nitrogen content, so lime fertilizers must be applied to them before sowing. It is demanding of predecessors (the best are early potatoes, cucumbers, cabbage).

Compared to other root crops, this crop is relatively drought-resistant. However, it requires good moisture during seed germination, rooting of seedlings and growth of leaf mass. In the first half of the growing season, beets most need nitrogen, and at the end of the growing season - potassium. Phosphorus is consumed evenly throughout the summer.

The place in crop rotation, tillage, application of fertilizers and care of beets is similar to that of carrots. The culture is more responsive to liming. It grows poorly on acidic soils, its crops are thinned out, and low-quality root crops are produced. From 300 to 800 g of lime are added per 1 square meter.

Sowing is carried out in early spring, when the soil warms up to 6-8°C on ridges in 3-4 lines with a distance between rows of 30-33 cm and 20-22 cm. The seed sowing rate is 5-10 g per 1 m2, and for single-germ varieties - 4-5 g per 1 m2. The depth of seed placement on heavy soils is 2.5-3 cm, on light soils - 3-4 cm.

Seeds begin to germinate at a temperature of 5°C, but this process occurs most quickly at 22...25°C. At 10...11°C, seedlings appear in 10-12 days, and at 15...18°C - 5-6 days after sowing.

Therefore, it makes sense to grow beets through seedlings and plant them in a permanent place when 2-3 true leaves are formed.

Advantages:

• there is no need for thinning;
• the timing of sowing in open ground is accelerated (after hardening).

Seedlings tolerate temperature drops down to -2...3 °C. Prolonged cold snap at the beginning of the growing season can lead to flowering. Beetroot does not tolerate frost and high temperatures well.

If sowing occurs with seeds in a permanent place, then in the phase of one true leaf the seedlings are thinned out (preferably after rain or watering), leaving a distance between plants of 3-4 cm. After 14-20 days in the phase of 4-5 true leaves, a second thinning is carried out ( distance 6-10 cm). Delay in thinning leads to a significant reduction in yield.

Beetroot is a very light-loving crop. When shaded, it sharply reduces the yield.

Caring for beets consists of weeding, loosening, and watering. By the end of July, some root vegetables become the size of a walnut and can be used as food. At the same time, we thin out the plantings again. The remaining “neighbors” need to be covered with earth and fed. To do this, use a weak solution of mullein with the addition of wood ash (a glass in a bucket of water) or apply a complex fertilizer with microelements. Then the root crop will definitely have time to grow large and juicy before autumn. And to make the beets even sweeter, feed them with regular salt! Dilute 1 tbsp. l. in a bucket of water and water the plantings with the solution twice a season.

Early ripening varieties form fairly large root crops already in mid-July. It is allowed to harvest them for early production along with leaves.

Growing early beets

Small beet roots (weighing 25-50 g) are used in winter and early spring for forcing leaves (beetroot) in protected ground. Root crops are planted in early spring using the bridge method, 14-15 kg of planting material per greenhouse frame. 25-40 days after planting (depending on temperature conditions and early ripening of the variety), the crop is ready for use. The increase is approximately 20-40% of the amount of planting material.

Beet diseases

Cercospora- light brown spots appear on the leaves. In case of damage, treatment with copper oxychloride is necessary - 0.4%.

Root beetle (Phomosis sprouts). Prevention of the disease - soaking the seeds and further watering the plant in a concentration of 1:1000.

Storage

For long-term storage in winter, beets are harvested before the first frost; This usually happens in the second half of September.

The plucked plants are placed in heaps. The leaves are cut slightly above the head of the root crop (0.5 cm), without touching it with a knife. The soil from the root crops is very carefully removed with the back (dull) side of the knife.
It is best to store beets in underground and cellars. It is well preserved at temperatures from 1 to 3°C.

Use

Not only root vegetables are used for food. Young beet leaves are added to salads and soups. Let's remember how good cold beetroot tops are in the summer heat! And dishes made from root vegetables are on the table both on weekdays and on holidays. When you get sick, beets will help you get back on your feet. Cleanses the blood, improves liver function, helps with diabetes, anemia, reduces blood pressure, treats constipation and colds.

Biologists have proven that beets with round (spherical) shapes are more useful. Therefore, when choosing varieties, avoid elongated forms, for example Egyptian (it outgrows quite quickly, becomes gigantic in size and loses its taste).

BORDEAUX 237. The variety is mid-early, from germination to technical maturity 62-106 days. The root vegetables are round and round-flat with intensely dark red burgundy-colored flesh, tender, juicy, and sugary. The weight of root crops is 230-510 g. The shelf life of root crops during winter storage is high. Relatively heat-resistant.

BRAVO. The variety is mid-season. The root crop is round, smooth, dark red, weight 200-780 g. The head is medium and small, convex. The pulp is dark red, without ringing, tender, juicy, dense. Easily pulled out of the soil. Below the standard it is affected by cercospora and beet flea beetle.

EGYPTIAN FLAT. The variety is mid-season, from germination to technical maturity 94-121 days. The root vegetables are flat, 6-8 cm high, 6.5-12.5 cm in diameter, weighing 320-520 g. The color of the skin is dark red, the flesh is pinkish-red with a purple tint, tender, juicy. The taste and keeping quality of root vegetables are good. The variety is moderately drought-resistant.

SALAD F1. Late-ripening hybrid. The root crop is round in shape, dark burgundy in color, with a smooth surface, with a weak groove in the lower part of the root crop, weight 200-300 g. The head is medium, convex, deeply immersed in the soil. It is characterized by excellent taste qualities of root vegetables, resistance to discoloration after cooking and good shelf life.

SQUIR'S GIFT. The variety is early ripening. The root crop is flat-rounded, dark red, weight 260-350 g. Immersed in the soil for 1/2 of its length. Characteristics of the variety: good taste, suitability for cultivation during winter and early spring sowing, single-seeded.

COLD RESISTANT 19. The variety is mid-season. Root vegetables are flat-rounded; The pulp is dark red with a cherry tint, tender, juicy. The weight of root crops is 250-470 g. The variety is cold-resistant, tolerates the return of early spring frosts, and is resistant to flowering. It is used both to obtain early products from winter and early spring crops, and for regular planting periods. The shelf life of root crops during winter storage is high.

Beet(from lat. Beta) is one of the most delicious and widespread vegetables on the planet. Its most famous representatives are sugar beet, common beet and fodder beet. All of them are united by a common name - beets.
This vegetable is very unpretentious, so growing it does not cause much trouble, and beet harvests are usually quite large. In addition, beets are a medicinal plant, long known for their medicinal properties.

Origin

All known types of beets come from an ancient wild ancestor that grew in the Far East and India. And the cultivation of the vegetable began approximately 1000 BC. e. Persians, Assyrians and Babylonians. Beetroot was used not only for cooking, but also for medicinal purposes, and only the leaves of the vegetable were used as food, and the roots were considered medicine.
In Rus', beets appeared around the 10th-11th centuries, starting their “journey” from the Kyiv principality to Novgorod and Moscow, and then to Poland and Lithuania. By the 14th century, this vegetable became widespread in Russia and became as popular as turnips and cabbage. Around the same time, beets “took root” in Europe.

The nutritional value

Beets are often recommended by nutritionists for those who want to lose weight. This delicious vegetable contains only 48 kcal. Per 100 g of product there are 86 g of water, 1.5 g of protein, 0.1 g of fat and 11.8 g of carbohydrates.
Beetroot contains up to 25% of natural sugars: glucose, fructose, sucrose, as well as vitamins A, C, P, PP, BB, citric, oxalic, malic acids, amino acids, carotenoids, pectin, folic acid, iron salts, potassium, iodine, magnesium. The vegetable contains a powerful antioxidant - beta-cyanine, which gives beets their dark burgundy color. The root vegetable is rich in fiber, which stimulates digestion, and microelements (copper, zinc, iron, potassium, rubidium, iodine, phosphorus, etc.).

Use in cooking

Beets are good to eat at any time of the year. In spring and summer, fresh beet leaves are great for salads; beetroot leaves are made from them. In winter and autumn, root vegetables rule the roost, from which borscht is cooked, vinaigrettes, various salads and many other dishes are made.
Beets are tasty and healthy in any form: boiled, stewed, fried, stuffed. The only caveat: so that the vegetable does not lose its valuable properties, it needs to be peeled only after it is boiled. And beet dishes are best served with sorrel, quinoa and young stinging nettle: they improve its taste and increase its vitamin value.

Application in medicine and cosmetology

The medicinal properties of beets have been known since ancient times. Due to the high content of iron and copper in the vegetable, it is used for anemia of varying degrees. Beets help cleanse the gallbladder, liver and kidneys, restore strength when the body is exhausted, and helps eliminate cholesterol. It is used for constipation, trigeminal neuralgia, for the treatment of mastopathy, fibroids. When veins dilate or blood thickens, it is recommended to drink beetroot juice. A mixture of beetroot and carrot juice improves memory, dilates blood vessels, and stimulates the formation of red blood cells.
Beetroot juice is useful for caring for skin with freckles and is also an excellent help in getting rid of warts.

Contraindications

In large quantities, beets, both raw and boiled, are contraindicated for people suffering from urolithiasis, gastritis, osteoporosis, diabetes and indigestion. Boiled beets should not be consumed if you have diarrhea, kidney stones or hyperthyroidism. In addition, if you have diseases of the duodenum and kidneys, as well as stomach ulcers, you should not drink beetroot juice.

Interesting Facts
Beetroot was highly valued in Ancient Greece: the Greeks made gifts from silver in the form
beets for those who wanted to express their gratitude. Tables of noble people and rich people
could not do without beet dishes and decorations made from it. But the ancient Persians were not very kind
this root vegetable: although they did not refuse to eat it, they considered beets a symbol
quarrels and gossip. If someone was at odds with a neighbor, then at night he would throw a large
beets, thereby expressing their dislike. But in Rus', beets were highly valued by the heroes, believing
that it is she who gives them remarkable strength. The girls were blushing their beet cheeks.