Nadezhda Anufrieva
Experiments in the kitchen

1. Boiled or raw egg

Bring the child to the kitchen table on which there are two eggs. One is raw, the other is cooked. Ask your child how this can be determined?

After the experiment, explain to the child that in a boiled egg the center of gravity is constant and therefore it spins, but in a raw egg the internal liquid mass is like a brake, so a raw egg cannot spin.

2. Sushi, bagels, bagels

We are in a package of one hundred zeros

We notice with poppy seeds.

Grandma, pour some tea,

We'll gnaw them down over tea.

(Baranki)

Buy dryers, bagels, bagels. Lay them out in front of the child, consider their shape, size, appearance. Offer to taste it. Ask your child how they differ and what similarities they have? Do they taste different? Why do they have such a smooth, glossy surface and which of the three is the easiest to bite into?

Tell the children that sushi, bagels, bagels are very similar, they all have a ring shape and are made from wheat dough. But unlike pies, these products are first brewed in hot water and only then baked. It is thanks to scalding that the drying, public, bagels acquire a beautiful, smooth, glossy crust. And the crust is the paste released from the dough, scalded with boiling water. Ask your children which of these products lasts the longest? Listen to their reasoning. Tell us that dryers last the longest - as much as 90 days, bagels - 25 days, and bagels only 16 hours (in packaging - 72 hours).

Explain that after the shelf life expires, products lose their taste. Therefore, the bagel must be eaten quickly, you don’t have to rush with the bagels, and the dryers can wait for your appetite for almost three months.

3. Cheerful rainbow made of water

Offer your child a vibrant and exciting experience that does not require large financial investments. All you need is sugar, 5 glass glasses, food coloring of different colors, a syringe or a simple tablespoon.

To carry out the experiment: add 1 tbsp to the first glass. a spoonful of sugar, 2 spoons of sugar in the second glass, 3 in the third, 4 in the fourth. Put them in order and remember how much sugar is in which glass. Now add 3 tbsp to each glass. spoons of water. Stir. Add a few drops of red paint to the first glass, a few drops of yellow paint to the second, green to the third, and blue paint to the fourth. Stir again.

In the first 2 glasses the sugar will dissolve completely, but in the second two glasses it will not completely dissolve.

Now take a syringe or just a tablespoon to carefully pour the colored water into the glass.

Add colored water from a syringe into a clean glass. The first bottom layer will be blue, then green, yellow and red. If you pour a new portion of colored water on top of the previous one very carefully, the water will not mix, but will separate into layers due to the different sugar content in the water, that is, due to the different density of the water.

What's the secret? The concentration of sugar in each colored liquid was different. The more sugar, the higher the density of the water and the lower this layer will be in the glass. The red liquid with the least sugar content, and therefore the least density, will be at the very top.

4. Drown and eat

He looks like a red ball

Only he doesn’t rush at a gallop.

It contains a useful vitamin -

This is ripe...

(orange)

Offer your child an experiment with oranges. Take two oranges. Peel one of them and place both fruits in a bowl of cold water. The peeled orange sank, but the unpeeled orange remained on the surface of the water. Let your child express his opinions about why this happened?

Explain to your child the secret of the experiment. There are a lot of air bubbles in the orange peel. They are the ones who push the orange out of the water. Without the peel, an orange will sink because it is heavier than water.

5. Clay refrigerator

Take two cups of ice cream. Place one of them on saucers and leave it on the table. And cover the second ice cream with a wet clay flower pot. After half an hour, ask your child what he thinks happened to the ice cream under the pot.

Let your child open the pot and see that the ice cream in the clay refrigerator has not melted. Why?

Explain to your child that water evaporates from a wet pot and carries away heat. Therefore, the ice cream under the pot will remain cold.

6. Changing the color of cabbage

Here's a new riddle in the garden:

A hundred sheets of paper, not a notebook at all.

(Cabbage)

Invite your child to prepare a red cabbage salad together. Grind the cabbage with salt, and pour vinegar and sugar over it. Watch the cabbage turn from purple to bright red. This is the effect of acetic acid. Explain to your child that after some time the lettuce may turn purple again or even turn blue. This happens because acetic acid is gradually diluted with cabbage juice, its concentration decreases and the color of the red cabbage dye changes. These are the transformations

7. Boiled egg experiment

To conduct this experiment you will need:

Hard-boiled chicken egg;

A deep cup or glass (any container that can hold a whole egg);

The essence of the experiment is to place a hard-boiled chicken egg in vinegar. The vinegar will dissolve the eggshell, and the egg itself will turn into a kind of rubber.

Place the egg in a container and fill it completely with vinegar.

Watch the egg. You will see tiny bubbles on its surface. This acetic acid attacks the calcium carbonate contained in the eggshell. After some time, the eggshell will change color. After 3 days, remove the egg and rinse it gently with tap water. Look what happened. Try pressing on the egg. Check how it bounces off a hard surface.

For comparison, you can try soaking a raw egg in vinegar for 3-4 days. The egg shell will become soft and elastic. You can lightly squeeze the egg. But we do not recommend that you try to hit it on the floor or other hard surfaces.

8. Where does the pie get its blush?

Show the children how pies are made: kneading and shaping. After you shape the pies, brush it with egg, tea, milk and butter, and for the sake of experiment, leave a couple of pies ungreased. Tell the children why the pie is greased. Ask your child, will an ungreased pie have a blush? Let him express his opinion and explain it.

After the pies are baked, show your child that they have all turned red (darkened). The shades of blush are different, depending on what it was smeared with.

Explain that in the oven the surface of the pie heats up quickly. Some of the moisture (milk or water used for dough) quickly evaporates from the surface of the cake. Therefore, its top layer dehydrates (loses water, the temperature rises higher (the pie becomes hotter). In this case, the caramelization of sugar, already familiar to children, occurs and a ruddy brownish crust forms on the pie.

9. Why did the sausage burst?

To conduct this experiment, prepare a pan of hot water and two sausages. Remove the cellophane cover from them. Pierce one of the sausages with a fork in several places, and leave the second one whole. Release the sausages into the water, and after the required time, place them on a plate. Ask your child if both sausages burst or if the pierced one remains intact? Explain to your child why sausages burst and tell them that sausages contain not only meat and spices, but also starch. Check purchased sausages for starch. Have the child drop the iodine solution onto the product being tested. If the sausage turns blue, it means there is starch in it. Explain to your child that the starch grains swelled when heated in water, they became cramped in the shell, and they tore it. Now the child can understand why the sausage burst.

10. Sweet potatoes

Buried in the ground in May

And they didn’t take it out for a hundred days,

And they started digging in the fall

Not just one was found, but ten.

(potato)

Tell the children that potatoes are boiled in salt water. But it turns out that potatoes can be sweet.

Let's check.

Take 2 potato tubers, put them in a plastic bag and place it in the freezer for 1 hour.

After an hour, remove the potatoes from the refrigerator and cook them along with regular potatoes. When the potatoes are cooked, try them with your child.

I wonder if potatoes taste different? Do frozen potatoes really taste sweet? Why has the taste of potatoes changed so much? What happened to the potatoes?

These changes are associated with starch, which is already familiar to children. Explain to children that when starch freezes, it turns into sugar, so the taste of potatoes changes and becomes sweeter. We try to protect the potatoes from freezing so that they do not acquire a sweetish taste.

Fun experiments in the kitchen

Making cottage cheese

Grandmothers who are over 50 years old remember well how they made cottage cheese for their children. You can show this process to your child.

Heat the milk by pouring a little lemon juice into it (calcium chloride can also be used). Show the children how the milk immediately curdles into large flakes with whey on top.

Drain the resulting mass through several layers of gauze and leave for 2-3 hours.

You made a wonderful cottage cheese.

Pour syrup over it and offer it to your child for dinner. We are sure that even those children who do not like this dairy product will not be able to refuse a delicacy prepared with their own participation.

How to make ice cream?

For ice cream you will need: cocoa, sugar, milk, sour cream. You can add grated chocolate, wafer crumbs or small pieces of cookies to it.

Stir two tablespoons of cocoa, one tablespoon of sugar, four tablespoons of milk and two tablespoons of sour cream in a bowl. Add cookie and chocolate crumbs. The ice cream is ready. Now it needs to be cooled.

Take a larger bowl, put ice in it, sprinkle it with salt, stir. Place a bowl of ice cream on the ice and cover with a towel on top to prevent heat from penetrating into it. Stir the ice cream every 3-5 minutes. If you have enough patience, then after about 30 minutes the ice cream will thicken and you can taste it. Tasty?

How does our homemade refrigerator work? It is known that ice melts at a temperature of zero degrees. Salt retains the cold and prevents ice from melting quickly. Therefore, salted ice stays cold longer. Moreover, the towel prevents warm air from penetrating to the ice cream. And the result? Ice cream is beyond praise!

Let's beat the butter

If you live in the country in the summer, you probably take natural milk from a thrush. Do experiments with milk with your children. Prepare a liter jar. Fill it with milk and put it in the refrigerator for 2-3 days. Show children how the milk separates into lighter cream and heavier skim milk.

Collect the cream in a jar with an airtight lid. And if you have patience and free time, then shake the jar for half an hour, taking turns with the children, until the fat balls merge together and form oily lumps.

Believe me, children have never eaten such delicious butter.

Homemade lollipops

Cooking is a fun activity. Now we’ll make homemade lollipops. To do this, you need to prepare a glass of warm water in which to dissolve as much granulated sugar as can be dissolved. Then take a cocktail straw, tie a clean string to it, and attach a small piece of pasta to the end (small pasta is best). Now all that remains is to place the straw on top of the glass, across it, and dip the end of the thread with the pasta into the sugar solution. And be patient. When the water from the glass begins to evaporate, the sugar molecules will begin to move closer together and sweet crystals will begin to settle on the thread and on the pasta, taking on bizarre shapes.

Let your little one try the lollipop. Tasty?

The same candies will be much tastier if you add jam syrup to the sugar solution. Then you will get lollipops with different flavors: cherry, blackcurrant and others, whatever he wants.

"Roasted" sugar

Take two pieces of refined sugar. Moisten them with a few drops of water to make it moist, place in a stainless steel spoon and heat it over gas for a few minutes until the sugar has melted and turned yellow. Don't let it burn.

As soon as the sugar turns into a yellowish liquid, pour the contents of the spoon onto the saucer in small drops.

Taste your candies with your children. Liked? Then open a confectionery factory!

Changing the color of cabbage

Together with your child, prepare a salad of finely shredded red cabbage, grated with salt, and pour vinegar and sugar over it. Watch the cabbage turn from purple to bright red. This is the effect of acetic acid.

However, as it is stored, the lettuce may again turn purple or even turn blue. This happens because acetic acid is gradually diluted with cabbage juice, its concentration decreases and the color of the red cabbage dye changes. These are the transformations.

Why are unripe apples sour?

Unripe apples contain a lot of starch and no sugar.

Starch is an unsweetened substance. Let your child lick the starch and he will be convinced of it. How can you tell if a product contains starch?

Make a weak iodine solution. Drop it on a handful of flour, starch, on a piece of raw potato, on a slice of unripe apple. The blue color that appears proves that all these products contain starch.

Repeat the experiment with the apple when it is fully ripe. And you will probably be surprised that you will no longer find starch in an apple. But now there is sugar in it. This means that fruit ripening is a chemical process of converting starch into sugar.

Edible glue

Your child needed glue for a craft project, but the bottle of glue turned out to be empty? Don't rush to the store to buy. Cook it yourself. What is familiar to you is unusual to a child.

Cook him a small portion of thick jelly, showing him each stage of the process. For those who don’t know: into boiling juice (or into water with jam), you need to pour, stirring thoroughly, a solution of starch diluted in a small amount of cold water and bring to a boil.

I think the child will be surprised that this glue-jelly can be eaten with a spoon, or you can glue crafts with it.

Homemade sparkling water

Remind your child that they breathe air. Air is made up of different gases, but many are invisible and odorless, making them difficult to detect. Carbon dioxide is one of the gases that makes up air and... carbonated water. But it can be isolated at home

Take two cocktail straws, but of different diameters, so that the narrow one fits tightly into the wider one a few millimeters. The result was a long straw made up of two. Make a through vertical hole in the stopper of a plastic bottle with a sharp object and insert either end of the straw into it.

If there are no straws of different diameters, then you can make a small vertical cut in one and stick it into another straw. The main thing is to get a tight connection.

Pour water diluted with any jam into a glass, and pour half a tablespoon of soda into the bottle through a funnel. Then pour vinegar into the bottle - about one hundred milliliters.

Now you need to act very quickly: stick the cork with a straw into the bottle, and lower the other end of the straw into a glass of sweet water.

What's going on in the glass?

Explain to your child that vinegar and baking soda have actively begun to interact with each other, releasing bubbles of carbon dioxide. It rises up and passes through the straw into a glass of drink, where it bubbles to the surface of the water. Now the sparkling water is ready.

Drown and eat

Wash two oranges thoroughly. Place one of them in a bowl of water. He will float. And even if you try very hard, you won’t be able to drown him.

Peel the second orange and place it in water. Well? Don't believe your eyes? The orange drowned. How so? Two identical oranges, but one drowns and the other floats?

Explain to your child: “There are a lot of air bubbles in an orange peel. They push the orange to the surface of the water. Without the peel, the orange will sink because it is heavier than the water it displaces.”

About the benefits of milk

Oddly enough, the best way to find out why you need to drink milk is to do an experiment with bones.

Take the eaten chicken bones, wash them properly, and let them dry. Then pour vinegar in a bowl so that it completely covers the seeds, close the lid and leave for a week.

After seven days, drain the vinegar, carefully examine and touch the bones. They have become flexible. Why?

It turns out that calcium gives strength to bones. Calcium dissolves in acetic acid, and the bones lose their hardness.

Do you want to ask: “What does milk have to do with it?”

It is known that milk contains a lot of calcium. Milk is healthy because it replenishes our body with calcium, which means it makes our bones hard and strong.

How to get drinking water from salt water?

Pour water into a deep basin with your child, add two tablespoons of salt there, stir until the salt dissolves. Place washed pebbles at the bottom of an empty plastic glass so that it does not float, but its edges should be higher than the water level in the basin. Pull the film over the top, tying it around the pelvis. Squeeze the film in the center above the cup and place another pebble in the recess. Place the basin in the sun.

After a few hours, unsalted, clean drinking water will accumulate in the glass.

This is explained simply: water begins to evaporate in the sun, condensation settles on the film and flows into an empty glass. The salt does not evaporate and remains in the basin.

Now that you know how to get fresh water, you can safely go to the sea and not be afraid of thirst. There is a lot of water in the sea, and you can always get the purest drinking water from it.

Live yeast

A famous Russian proverb says: “A hut is red not in its corners, but in its pies.” However, we won’t bake pies. Although, why not? Moreover, we always have yeast in our kitchen. But first we’ll show you our experience, and then we can get down to pies.

Tell children that yeast is made up of tiny living organisms called microbes (which means that microbes can be beneficial as well as harmful). As they feed, they emit carbon dioxide, which, when mixed with flour, sugar and water, “raises” the dough, making it fluffy and tasty.

Dry yeast looks like small lifeless balls. But this is only until millions of tiny microbes that lie dormant in a cold and dry state come to life.

Let's revive them. Pour two tablespoons of warm water into a jug, add two teaspoons of yeast, then one teaspoon of sugar and stir.

Pour the yeast mixture into the bottle, placing a balloon over the neck of the bottle. Place the bottle in a bowl of warm water.

Ask the guys what will happen?

That's right, when the yeast comes to life and begins to eat sugar, the mixture will be filled with bubbles of carbon dioxide, which is already familiar to children, which they begin to emit. The bubbles burst and the gas inflates the balloon.

Is the fur coat warm?

Children should really enjoy this experience.

Buy two cups of paper-wrapped ice cream. Unfold one of them and place it on a plate. And wrap the second one right in the wrapper in a clean towel and wrap it well in a fur coat.

After 30 minutes, unwrap the wrapped ice cream and place it without wrapper on a saucer. Unwrap the second ice cream too. Compare both portions. Surprised? What about your children?

It turns out that the ice cream under the fur coat, unlike the one on the plate, almost did not melt. So what? Maybe the fur coat is not a fur coat at all, but a refrigerator? Why then do we wear it in winter if it does not warm, but cools?

Everything is explained simply. The fur coat no longer allowed room heat to reach the ice cream. And because of this, the ice cream in the fur coat became cold, so the ice cream did not melt.

Now the question is logical: “Why does a person put on a fur coat in the cold?”

Answer: "So as not to freeze."

When a person puts on a fur coat at home, he is warm, but the fur coat does not release heat to the street, so the person does not freeze.

Ask your child if he knows that there are “fur coats” made of glass?

This is a thermos. It has double walls, and between them there is emptiness. Heat does not pass through emptiness very well. Therefore, when we pour hot tea into a thermos, it remains hot for a long time. And if you pour cold water into it, what happens to it? The child can now answer this question himself.

If he still finds it difficult to answer, let him do one more experiment: pour cold water into the thermos and check it after 30 minutes.

Thrust funnel

Can a funnel “refuse” to let water into a bottle? Let's check!

We will need:

2 funnels

Two identical clean, dry plastic bottles, 1 liter each

Plasticine

Jug of water

Preparation:
1. Insert a funnel into each bottle.

2. Cover the neck of one of the bottles around the funnel with plasticine so that there is no gap left.

Let's begin the scientific magic!

1. Announce to the audience: “I have a magic funnel that keeps water out of the bottle.”

2. Take a bottle without plasticine and pour some water into it through a funnel. Explain to the audience: “This is how most funnels behave.”

3. Place a bottle of plasticine on the table.

4. Fill the funnel with water to the top. See what happens.

Result:

A little water will flow from the funnel into the bottle, and then it will stop flowing completely.

Explanation:

Water flows freely into the first bottle. Water flowing through the funnel into the bottle replaces the air in it, which escapes through the gaps between the neck and the funnel. A bottle sealed with plasticine also contains air, which has its own pressure. The water in the funnel also has pressure, which arises due to the force of gravity pulling the water down. However, the force of air pressure in the bottle exceeds the force of gravity acting on the water. Therefore, water cannot enter the bottle.

If there is even a small hole in the bottle or plasticine, air can escape through it. This will cause its pressure inside the bottle to drop, allowing water to flow into it.

Dancing cereal

Some cereals can make a lot of noise. Now we will find out whether it is possible to teach rice cereal to also jump and dance.

We will need:

Paper towel

1 teaspoon (5 ml) crispy rice cereal

Balloon

Wool sweater

Preparation:

1. Lay a paper towel on the table.

2. Pour the cereal onto a towel.

Let's begin the scientific magic!

1. Address the audience like this: “Of course, you all know how rice cereal can crack, crunch and rustle. And now I will show you how they can jump and dance.”

2. Inflate the balloon and tie it.

3. Rub the ball on a wool sweater.

4. Hold the ball near the cereal and see what happens.

Result:
The flakes will bounce and be attracted to the ball.
Explanation:
Static electricity helps you in this experiment. Electricity is called static when there is no current, that is, movement of charge. It is formed due to the friction of objects, in this case a ball and a sweater. All objects are made of atoms, and each atom contains equal numbers of protons and electrons. Protons have a positive charge, and electrons have a negative charge. When these charges are equal, the object is called neutral, or uncharged. But there are objects, such as hair or wool, that lose their electrons very easily. If you rub a ball against a woolen item, some electrons will transfer from the wool to the ball, and it will acquire a negative static charge.
When you bring a negatively charged ball closer to the flakes, the electrons in them begin to be repelled from it and move to the opposite side. Thus, the upper side of the flakes, facing the ball, becomes positively charged, and the ball attracts them towards itself.
If you wait longer, electrons will begin to transfer from the ball to the flakes. Gradually the ball will become neutral again and will no longer attract flakes. They will fall back onto the table.

flexible water

In previous experiments, you used static electricity to make flakes dance and separate pepper from salt. From this experiment you will learn how static electricity affects ordinary water.

We will need:

Water tap and sink

Balloon

Wool sweater

Preparation:

To conduct the experiment, choose a location where you have access to running water. The kitchen would be perfect.

Let's begin the scientific magic!

1. Announce to the audience: “Now you will see how my magic will control water.”

2. Open the tap so that the water flows in a thin stream.

3. Say magic words, calling the stream of water to move. Nothing will change; then apologize and explain to the audience that you will have to use the help of your magic ball and magic sweater.

4. Inflate the balloon and tie it. Rub the ball on your sweater.

5. Say the magic words again, and then bring the ball to the stream of water. What will happen?

Result:

The stream of water will deflect towards the ball.

Explanation:

When rubbed, electrons from the sweater transfer to the ball and give it a negative charge. This charge repels the electrons in the water, and they move to the part of the stream that is furthest from the ball. Closer to the ball, a positive charge arises in the stream of water, and the negatively charged ball pulls it towards itself.

For the movement of the jet to be visible, it must be small. The static electricity accumulated on the ball is relatively small, and it cannot move a large amount of water. If a stream of water touches the ball, it will lose its charge. The extra electrons will go into the water; both the ball and the water will become electrically neutral, so the stream will flow smoothly again.

You will need: high fat whole milk, food coloring of different colors, any liquid detergent, cotton swabs, a plate.

Milk should be whole milk, not skim. Pour milk into a plate. Add a few drops of each dye to it. Try to do this carefully so as not to move the plate itself.

Then take a cotton swab, dip it in the detergent and touch it to the milk in the very center of the plate. You will like the result - colored stripes will begin to move across the surface of the milk!

The fact is that milk consists of different types of molecules: fats, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. When detergent is added to milk, several processes occur simultaneously. First, the detergent reduces surface tension, allowing food coloring to move freely across the entire surface of the milk. But the most important thing is that the detergent reacts with the fat molecules in the milk and sets them in motion. Something like this:

Growing crystals

The easiest and safest way to become familiar with the crystallization process is to grow your own crystal from sodium chloride, that is, ordinary table salt.

It's very simple: take hot water, table salt and prepare a supersaturated solution. When the salt stops dissolving, lower a thread or wire into the container. After a few days, salt crystals will begin to form on the “seed”.

Why? When a supersaturated salt solution is cooled, water evaporates. Accordingly, the salt (crystallizing substance) is first adsorbed on the surface of the “seed”, then on the surface of the already formed crystal, and then built into its crystal lattice.

Making a volcano

A reaction familiar to us under the culinary name “quench the soda” or under the chemical name “neutralization”. If you pour soda into a saucer or plate (one or two tablespoons) and carefully pour vinegar into it, you will see a real “volcanic eruption.” But be careful not to bend over or let your child get close to the container in which the reaction is occurring.

What happens: sodium bicarbonate (soda) reacts with acids (vinegar) to form a salt and carbonic acid, which, in turn, immediately breaks down into carbon dioxide and water, which actually causes the “eruption” (bubbles and hissing).

Rubber chicken bones

Everything is very simple here! We take clean chicken bones (thin ones, we are not going to spend too much time on the experiment), soak them in vinegar. After some time, the bones will become soft, as if rubber.

The fact is that vinegar reacts with calcium contained in the bones. And, as you know, it is calcium that makes bones strong, hard, just what we need! A great experiment for those who abuse coffee or don’t like dairy products, isn’t it?

These simple experiments will allow the whole family not to get bored at home in bad weather, and will help to captivate your child with the wonderful science of chemistry.

You can also introduce children to science

20 PARENTING MISTAKES THAT LEAD TO PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA IN A CHILD Daniel Siegel “Discipline without drama. How to help your child develop character” We remain parents always, every minute of our lives. Therefore, it is difficult for us to look at our efforts to raise children objectively. Good intentions are quickly replaced by less effective habits, and we begin to act blindly, doing things in a less than ideal way and not benefiting our children as much as we could. Even the most conscientious and informed parents sometimes make mistakes when disciplining their children. This happens when they lose sight of the goals of the rational-emotive approach to discipline. Always remember them - and you will be able to avoid mistakes or correct them in time. 1. We punish instead of teach The purpose of discipline is not to ensure that every crime is followed by punishment. Her true calling is to teach children to live correctly. But often we act on autopilot and become so focused on ensuring that the child is punished for the wrongdoing that it becomes an end in itself. When teaching your child to discipline, always check what your main task is. 2. We are afraid that we will not be able to teach a child discipline if we behave gently and show care. Honestly, even in the most critical moments you can remain a calm, loving and caring parent. The most important thing is to combine clear and enforceable requirements with sincere empathy. You have no idea how much you can achieve if you talk to your child about the behavior you want to change in a kind and gentle tone. Your main task is to steadfastly follow your parenting course, while at the same time interacting with your child with warmth, love, respect and empathy. 3. We replace consistency with rigidity. Being consistent means having a viable and coherent belief system so that children always know what to expect from us. An unshakable adherence to some arbitrary requirements is a completely different matter. From time to time, it makes sense to deviate from the rules, turn a blind eye to minor violations, or give the child some slack. 4. We talk too much When a child behaves reactively and does not perceive speech addressed to him well, all that is required of us is to remain silent. By unleashing an avalanche of words on an unsettled child, we only make the situation worse. We further overload his sensory organs, which increases emotional imbalance. Instead, focus on nonverbal communication. Hug your child. Pat me on the shoulder. Smile and express sympathy with your facial expressions. Nod. Once your child has calmed down a bit and is able to listen, you can begin redirecting by using words to address the situation on a rational, conscious level. 5. We think more about the behavior itself than about what dictates it. Any doctor knows very well that a painful symptom is nothing more than an external manifestation of a problem that really needs to be eliminated. Poor behavior in children, as a rule, turns out to be a symptom of some kind of internal trouble. And it will repeat itself if we do not empathize with the child’s feelings, his subjective experience, pushing him to behave badly. The next time your child loses his temper, try on your Sherlock Holmes cap and try to discern behind the behavior the feelings - curiosity, anger, disappointment, fatigue, hunger, etc. - that caused it. 6. We don't pay attention to how we say What we say to children is important. How important! But just as important is how we do it. No matter how difficult it may be, you should try to show kindness and respect in all communications with children. This is a lofty goal, and although we do not always succeed, we must strive for it. 7. We teach children that they should not experience strong or negative feelings. Do you manage to extinguish this impulse every time your child overreacts to something? Even if unintentionally, very often parents signal to children that they are ready to show interest in them only when they behave like good boys. For example, they say: “When you become a good girl again, then come back.” On the contrary, we need to show children that we are always open to them, even in the worst moments. We may reject certain behaviors or ways of expressing feelings, but we always accept the feelings themselves. 8. We overreact, and children focus on our behavior instead of their own behavior. By going too far - trying to punish first, acting too harshly, overreacting - we distract children from their own behavior and give them a reason to focus on how cruel or unfairly, in their opinion, we treated them. Do your best not to make a mountain out of a mountain. Stop the bad behavior, remove your child from the scene if necessary, and then give yourself time to calm down before you say too much. Then your response will be restrained and thoughtful. Now all the attention will be paid to the child’s behavior, not yours. 9. We do not restore shaken relationships. Conflicts with children cannot be avoided. How impossible it is to always be on top in every situation. At times we will act immaturely, reactively, or insensitively. The most important thing is to admit your bad behavior and restore the relationship as quickly as possible, and the easiest way to achieve this is to forgive the child and ask for forgiveness yourself. By restoring what was destroyed sincerely and with love, we set a good example for children - by learning to do the same, in the future they will be able to maintain truly deep and meaningful relationships with people. 10. We impose sanctions in the heat of the moment, acting reactively, and then we realize that we overdid it. Sometimes our threats look, to put it mildly, excessive: “You will be left without swimming for the whole summer!” Realizing that you got carried away, promise yourself to fix everything. Of course, it is important that the parent’s words do not hang in the air, otherwise the children will stop taking them seriously. But by remaining consistent, you can get out of the trap into which you have driven yourself. For example, you can “give another chance.” Say, “I didn’t like what you did, but I want to give you another opportunity to do good.” You can admit that you overdid it: “I lost my temper here, said different things without thinking. But now I’ve weighed everything and changed my mind.” 11. We forget that sometimes children need our help to make the right choice or come to their senses. When a child starts to get excited, our first instinct is to order: “Stop it now!” But there are situations, especially at an early age, when children are simply not able to calm down instantly. This means your intervention is required to help your child get on the right path. The first step is to establish emotional contact - through both verbal and non-verbal communication. Let the baby see that you are aware of his problems. Only then will he be open to your efforts to redirect him in the right direction. Remember: it is often necessary to pause before responding to bad behavior. When children lose control of themselves, it is not the best time to adamantly demand compliance with the rules. By calming down and becoming more receptive, the child will be able to learn the lesson better in any case. 12. We are overly concerned about what people think of us Most of us place inordinate importance on what others think of us, especially when it comes to raising children. But if you raise your child differently depending on whether people are looking at you or not, that's simply not fair. You may be more harsh or reactive in the presence of your spouse's parents because you feel like they are judging whether you are a good parent. Get rid of this pressure. Take the child aside and quietly address only him, without witnesses. Then you will not worry about what those present will think of you, you will be able to focus all your attention on the child and be more sensitive to his behavior and needs. 13. We get involved in a power struggle Feeling that he has been driven into a corner, the child instinctively responds with counter-aggression or completely withdraws into himself. Don't dig this hole. Give your child room to maneuver: “Do you want us to drink lemonade first and then put away the toys?” Or offer negotiations: “Let’s think about how to make both of us happy.” (Of course, some things are not discussed, but the willingness to negotiate in itself is not a sign of weakness - it is evidence that you respect the child and his needs.) You can even ask the child for help: “Do you have any ideas?” It is possible that you will be surprised at what sacrifices a child is willing to make in order to find a peaceful way out of a conflict situation. 14. We follow our habits and experiences, rather than responding to the individual needs of a particular child at a particular moment. Sometimes we take it out on a child because we are tired or because that’s what our parents did, or maybe we are fed up with the behavior of his brother, who is everything the morning tormented us. It's unfair, but understandable. However, you need to strive to be aware of your own behavior, fully devote yourself to communicating with children and respond only to what is really happening here and now. This is one of the most difficult tasks of parenting, but the better we do at it, the more effective our loving response to our children's needs. 15. We shame children by shaming them in front of strangers. If you have to call a child to order in public, consider his feelings. (Imagine how you would feel if a significant other reprimanded you in front of everyone!) If possible, leave the room or simply draw your child close to you and speak in a whisper. This does not always work out, but show respect for the child to the best of your ability, without adding humiliation to educational measures. In the end, feeling humiliated will only distract him from the lesson you are trying to teach him, and he will hardly hear you at all. 16. We immediately expect the worst without allowing the child to explain himself. Sometimes the situation not only seems, but actually happens to be bad. But sometimes everything turns out to be not as bad as it seemed. Before making a fuss, let your child speak. Perhaps he will explain everything to you. It’s terribly offensive, having a rational explanation for your actions, to listen to: “I don’t care! And I don’t want to hear anything! What excuses can there be!” Of course, don't be naive - every parent needs to exercise critical thinking at all times. But before blaming the child, even if at first glance everything is clearer than clear, listen to what he has to say. And then decide how best to behave. 17. We brush aside the child’s experiences When a child reacts violently to a situation, especially if this reaction seems excessive and even ridiculous to us, we are tempted to say: “You’re just tired,” “Stop being hysterical,” “Just think, what nonsense!” or “I found something to cry about.” All this devalues ​​his experiences. Imagine hearing a similar phrase yourself when you are very upset about something! A much more sensitive and effective approach is to listen, show empathy, and truly empathize with the child's feelings before responding to his behavior. Don’t forget: what seems small to you is very significant for a child. You don’t want to neglect something that is so important to him! 18. We want too much Most parents verbally understand that children are imperfect, but in reality they still expect them to always behave perfectly and invariably distinguish right from wrong, even if this is not yet possible for them due to age and level of development. This especially applies to firstborns. Another mistake is to assume that because a child sometimes controls himself well, he will always be able to do so. But the ability of children, especially young children, to make sound decisions is very fragile. Now he succeeded, but in the next minute he might not succeed. 19. We suppress our intuition under the influence of “experts” By “experts” we mean both book authors and education specialists, and friends or relatives. It is important that our approaches to discipline are not guided by someone else's idea of ​​how we should raise our children. Get information and advice from a wide range of experts (and non-experts), and then listen to your inner voice. He will tell you which approach will be optimal, taking into account the characteristics of the family and the individuality of the child. 20. We are too harsh on ourselves We have noticed that it is the most caring and conscientious parents who treat themselves the strictest. They try to show their best every time the child loses his temper. However, this is impossible. Give yourself the right to make mistakes! Love your children, set boundaries for them, raise them with love, and put up with them when you break down yourself. This is the best approach to discipline for all involved.

Miracles in the Kitchen are six fun experiments specially designed for children. Together with your child, you can extract electricity using a fork and a lemon and make a light bulb glow. Launch a rocket using baking soda and vinegar. Create a tabletop volcano that spews lava. Your child had no idea what miracles could happen in the kitchen!

Miracles in the kitchen: descriptions of experiments

Experiments that can be done using the kit:

1. Vinegar rocket- make a rocket from the parts that are inside the set and use a chemical reaction to launch it into “space”!

2. Tabletop volcano- Have you ever dreamed of seeing a volcanic eruption? Then your dream has come true! After mixing the reagents in the model, watch as streams of lava burst out of the crater and rush to the foot of the volcano!

3.candy factory- an experiment for true sweet tooths! Create your own mouth-watering and delicious lollipops, and then enjoy eating them or sharing them with friends.

4.Fingerprints- want to become agent 007? Then this and the next experiment are for you! In this experiment you will learn how to take fingerprints, just like in the movies!

5. Invisible ink- with this experiment you will learn how to write secret messages with invisible ink, and then manifest them! Surprise your loved ones and friends!

6. Fruit battery- now, with the help of this experience, you can clearly explain and clearly show your children how to make real environmentally friendly watches using the most ordinary fruits!

Miracles in the kitchen: what is included in the set

• 1 vinegar rocket,
• 1 starter,
• 1 small spoon,
• 1 volcano,
• 2 skewers,
• 1 fingerprint device,
• 8 fingerprint forms,
• 1 brush,
• 8 sheets of secret messages,
• 2 zinc plates,
• 1 wire,
• 1 electronic watch,
• detailed instructions with scientific explanations and interesting facts