I. Gastric lavage through a tube (3-5 liters of water 37°). P. In acute respiratory failure:

1. Restoration of airway patency (suction of vomit).

2. Ventilation with 100% oxygen.

3. Naloxone (0.4 mg in 1 ml) 2-4 ml IV slowly..

Antidotes: sodium thiosulfate 20% - 20 ml IV, unithiol 5% -10 ml IV.

For endotoxic shock: dopamine 200 mg in 5% glucose solution 500 ml IV, disol, acesol 500 ml IV, HES 6% - 250 ml IV, HAES 250 ml IV.

Fighting acidosis:

Sodium bicarbonate 4% - up to 1000 ml IV under blood pH control.

Ascorbic acid 5% -10 ml i.v.

VI. For encephalopathy:

1. Thiamine 5% - 2 ml i.v.

Magnesia sulfate 25% - 5 ml IV slowly.

Lasix 20 mg IV.

VII. For hypoglycemia: glucose 40% - 40 ml IV.

VIII. For seizures: Relanium 0.5% - 2 ml IV.

Pulmonology

Provide emergency assistance during an attack of bronchial asthma.

Algorithm for providing emergency care during an attack of bronchial asthma.

Inhalation (β2 - short-acting agonists through a metered-dose aerosol inhaler with a salbutamol spacer, Berotec or Berodual 2 puffs, preferably through a nebulizer (2 ml/2.5 mg salbutamol, Berotec 10 drops or Berodual 20 drops). If there is no effect, repeat inhalations up to 3 -x times within an hour.

Prednisolone 30-60 mg (or dexamethasone 4-8 mg) IV.

Aminophylline solution 2.4% - 10 ml i.v.

4. If the attack is not stopped - hospitalization

Treatment of patients with exacerbation of bronchial asthma.

Initial therapy

Inhalation of oxygen until SaO 2 ≥ 90% is achieved.

Continuous inhalation of a rapid-acting β 2 agonist for 1 hour.

In the absence of an immediate response, or if the patient has recently taken oral corticosteroids, or if there is a severe asthma attack, use systemic corticosteroids.

During exacerbation, sedative therapy is contraindicated.

Treatment of severe asthma

Oxygen.

Inhaled β 2 -agonist and inhaled anticholinergic drug.

Systemic GCS.

Intravenous administration of magnesium sulfate solution.

A good response to treatment within 1-2 hours is treatment at home.

Unsatisfactory response to treatment within 1-2 hours - transfer to the resuscitation/intensive care unit

Oxygen.

Inhaled β2-agonist + inhaled anticholinergic drug.

Intravenous GCS.

Intravenous administration of β2-agonists is possible.

Intravenous administration of theophylline is possible.

Intubation and mechanical ventilation are possible.

Providing emergency care for asthmatic conditions

Oxygen therapy

Nebulizer therapy:

1. β2-agonists (Berotec 10 drops or salbutamol 2.5 mg or Berodual 20 drops) via nebulizer every 20 minutes for the first hour, then after 1 hour, then after 4 hours.

2. Pulmicort 1-2 mg x 2 times a day via nebulizer.

Administration of systemic corticosteroids: Prednisolone 60 mg x 2 times IV drip.

Infusion therapy (up to 2 l) under diuresis control:

Oxygen therapy

Nebulizer therapy:

β2-agonists (Berotec 10 drops or salbutamol 2.5 mg or Berodual 20 drops) via nebulizer every 20 minutes for the first hour, then after 1 hour, then after 4 hours.

Pulmicort 2-4 mg x 2 times a day.

Infusion therapy (2-2.5 l) under diuresis control:

Administration of systemic corticosteroids: Prednisolone 60 mg x 3-4 times a day intravenously.

Eufillin 2.4% -10.0 x 2 times IV drip.

Heparin 10 thousand. x 2 times intravenously.

When signs of hypoxia (precoma) increase, cordiamine 2.0 IV, magnesium sulfate 25% -10.0 IV.

Stage III

Mechanical ventilation with sanitation of the bronchial tree through an endotracheal tube. Nebulizer therapy in the same volume through a ventilator circuit.

Double the dose of GCS.

Continue the administration of bronchodilators, heparin, cordiamine, cardiac glycosides as indicated. Carrying out correction of metabolic disorders. (sodium bicarbonate solution 200 ml, potassium preparations, etc.)

In case of a poor response to therapy (decreased PEF), in stages I and II, SGCS is added at a dose of 30 mg of prednisolone.

For steroid-dependent bronchial asthma The maintenance dose of GCS is immediately doubled.

In the absence of a nebulizer, β2-agonists are prescribed 4 inhalations through a MDI with a spacer 3 times within 1 hour, then 2 inhalations after 1 hour, and then after 4 hours. Prednisolone intravenously and intramuscularly: in the first stage. – 240-360 mg/day, in stage II. – 360-720 mg/day, in stage III. – up to 1000 mg/day or more.

Quincke's edema and emergency care for it

Algorithm for emergency care for angioedema.

Antihistamines (suprastin solution 2.0 ml IV, Tavegil solution 2.0 ml IV).

Systemic glucocorticosteroids parenterally (prednisolone 90-120 mg IV or desamethasone 16-24 mg IV).

Lasix 4.0 ml IM

If suffocation increases, tracheostomy is performed.

Algorithm for emergency care for anaphylactic shock.

Stop administering the medication immediately.

Lay the patient down (head below legs), turn head to the side, extend the lower jaw, remove removable dentures.

Apply a venous tourniquet to the limb above the injection site for 25 minutes (every 10 minutes, loosen the tourniquet for 1-2 minutes).

Prick the injection site at 5-6 points with a solution of adrenaline 0.1% - 0.3-0.5 ml with 4-5 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution.

Apply ice or a heating pad with cold water to the injection site for 15 minutes.

Inject 0.1% adrenaline solution 0.3-0.5 ml intramuscularly into the extremity free from the tourniquet (if necessary, repeat injections after 5-20 minutes, up to a total dose of 2 ml).

Administer prednisolone solution 90-120 mg (or dexamethasone 8-16 mg) intravenously per 20.0 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution.

Provide access to the vein, start bolus administration of fluid (saline solution for adults - 1 l, for children at the rate of 20 ml / kg body weight).

When blood pressure is more than 90 mmHg. - Suprastin 2% - 2 ml IM or Tavegil 0.1% - 2 ml IM. In case of prevalence in the clinical picture:

Hemodynamic disturbances. Adrenaline 0.1% - 1 ml diluted in 100 ml of physiological solution and administered intravenously as slowly as possible (or mezaton 1% - 1.0 ml or dopamine 400 mg (2 ampoules) intravenously drip in glucose solution 5 % -500 ml) under the control of heart rate and blood pressure. Prednisolone 60 mg intravenously or dexamethasone 8 mg per 200.0 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution.

Asthmatic syndrome. Eufillin 2.4% -10.0 IV per 20.0 ml - 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Prednisolone 60 mg intravenously or dexamethasone 8 mg per 200.0 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Inhalation of short-acting p2 agonists, preferably via nebulizer (2 ml/2.5 mg salbutamol or berodual)

3. Quincke's edema. Lasix 1% - 2.0 ml i.v. Prednisolone 60-150 mg IV.

With swelling of the larynx and increasing suffocation - tracheostomy. If the condition does not improve after 20-30 minutes:

Re-introduce adrenaline solution 0.1% - 0.5 ml IM.

Prednisolone 60 mg (or dexamethasone 8 mg) intravenously in 200 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. The daily dose of prednisolone is up to 1000 mg or more.

Norepinephrine 0.2% - 0.2-1 ml or adrenaline 0.1% -1 ml intravenously in 500 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. If the condition does not improve, further management in the intensive care unit: mouth-to-mouth ventilation, then intubation with 100% oxygen and IV infusion therapy begins (adrenaline, glucocorticosteroids, plasma replacement solutions, etc.).

In case of lightning-fast form of shock - pulmonary-cardiac resuscitation.

Alcohol for human body is a poison that can have harmful, painful and in some cases even fatal effects. The term “alcohol intoxication” is appropriate when the ppm of alcohol in the blood significantly exceeds 0.4.

Symptoms of alcohol intoxication

If the amount of alcohol in the blood fluctuates around 1.5 ppm, then this condition is called the initial stage alcohol intoxication. This stage is fraught with painful. When the ppm level reaches 2-3, the average stage of alcohol intoxication begins, and all values ​​above the indicated figures indicate a severe stage of the condition in question.

Naturally, it is impossible to accurately determine ppm at home, so the presence/absence of certain symptoms is used to differentiate the stages of alcohol intoxication. The following signs will be characteristic of the first and second (mild and moderate) stages of alcohol intoxication:

The above symptoms correspond to the first and second stages of alcohol intoxication; damage to the body will be caused, but it is still fixable. The second stage of the condition under consideration can end with alcohol anesthesia or go into the third (severe) stage, which has some characteristic features. The third stage of alcohol intoxication will be characterized by:

• complete loss of control over your body - it’s quite difficult to walk or just sit;
• cold and clammy skin;
• lack of intelligible speech.

Important! The onset of the third stage of alcohol intoxication is fraught with serious consequences, including alcoholic coma and death. The first two stages of the phenomenon under consideration can be completely compensated for at home, but if a person develops symptoms of severe intoxication, then an ambulance needs to be called. Before the doctor arrives, the sick person must be wrapped in a blanket, and if he is conscious, then vomited.

How to relieve alcohol intoxication

It is worth knowing that there are a number of measures that will prevent alcohol intoxication. If you are planning a feast, then in order to avoid the development of the condition in question, you need to prepare the body:

• immediately before the feast, take a few tablets activated carbon(3-5) and continue to take them as needed alcoholic drinks(for example, every hour and a half, 2-3 tablets);
• eat a plate before the holiday starts thick porridge from any cereal;
• Before drinking alcohol, drink a glass of whole milk.

These methods will not save the body from the negative effects of alcohol, but will minimize the consequences.

To reduce the consequences of alcohol intoxication of the first and second stages, doctors recommend drinking a lot of water, but you should not get carried away with brine - it contains acid, which creates only short-term compounds with ethanol, which automatically complicates the removal of toxins from the body. An excellent way to quickly restore health after drinking alcohol is to drink, which not only neutralizes the effect of acetaldehydes, but also has an analgesic effect.

Note:Vomiting due to alcohol intoxication is great! In no case should you restrain the urge to vomit, since it is in this way that the stomach is freed from excess alcohol, which will invariably lead to relief from alcohol intoxication.

In the first and second stages, the best method of combating alcohol intoxication is vomiting and subsequent sleep. But if in the second stage of the condition under consideration a person has fallen into alcohol anesthesia, then under no circumstances should one induce vomiting! It is necessary to constantly stay near a sick person to prevent vomit from entering the respiratory tract during involuntary vomiting.

If alcohol intoxication occurs in a mild or moderate stage, then you can independently speed up the natural processes of removing alcohol from the body:

1. Take a moderate contrast shower - the water should be cool, but not icy. The procedure is carried out within 5-10 minutes, but if your condition does not allow you to take such a shower, then you should at least rub your body with a damp towel.
2. Take painkillers to relieve headaches, but they contain there should be no paracetamol.
3. No later than 2 hours after the onset of symptoms of alcohol intoxication, take Filtrum or Polysorb - enterosorbents will reduce Negative influence alcohol on the body will contribute to the rapid removal of toxins from the organs gastrointestinal tract.
4. After getting rid of the acute symptoms of alcohol intoxication, it will be useful to consume chicken or beef broth.
5. To fall asleep peacefully, you can take motherwort in tablets.

Treatment of alcohol intoxication

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Treatment will be required in severe cases of alcohol intoxication and, first of all, it will be necessary to prevent further absorption of alcohol into the blood. For this purpose, a person with severe alcohol intoxication is given 10 tablets to drink, and then the stomach is washed. This procedure can be carried out by introducing into the patient’s stomach large quantity warm water, after which a gag reflex is induced by mechanical irritation of the root of the tongue. At the same time, doctors take measures aimed at preventing the development of collapse, for which cordiamine or caffeine is administered intramuscularly.

Most effective means Treatment of severe alcohol intoxication is a method of rapid sobering up. First, the patient is injected intramuscularly with vitamin B6 and literally after 5-10 minutes he begins to think much better, and a certain enlightenment of the mind occurs. At this moment the patient is given a drink “cocktail” of corazol, phenamine and nicotinic acid diluted in 100 ml of warm water. After 10-20 minutes, the patient’s condition returns to normal, thinking is actively clarified, behavior is within the normal range, and emotional inhibition disappears.

note: Phenamine is not sold in pharmacies, so it is impossible to make such a cocktail at home. This method of quick sobering is used only in medical institutions.

To reduce blood alcohol concentration, doctors use:

• 1 ml of 1% nicotinic acid solution;
• 20 ml of 40% glucose solution;
• 10 ml of 5% ascorbic acid solution.

Droppers for alcohol intoxication

If a person is diagnosed with a severe stage of alcohol intoxication, then his body may suffer irreparable harm. In this case, doctors necessarily prescribe the patient IVs with a complex of drugs that can prevent the development of severe pathological processes against the background alcohol poisoning.

When alcohol poisoning occurs, home treatment becomes the main method of care. This type of intoxication must be taken very seriously. The principle: if you sleep through it, it will become easier doesn’t always work to its fullest extent. Strong impacts on various life systems can cause serious disorders, even alcoholic coma. If pronounced signs of poisoning appear, first aid measures should be taken.

The essence of the problem

Alcohol, at its core, is a poison for humans due to the presence of its main component - ethanol (ethyl alcohol). When consumed small quantity and its irregular intake, the liver can easily cope with this toxic substance. The picture changes dramatically when consuming alcohol, the amount of which exceeds the liver’s ability to detoxify the body. As a result, metabolic and decomposition products accumulate: acetaldehyde, acetic and lactic acid, which, in turn, leads to acidosis - an acid-base imbalance. In addition, excess toxins are sent to the brain, which is accompanied by damage to the central nervous system.

In addition to the quantitative excess of ethyl alcohol consumption, cases of poisoning from low-quality drinks are recorded. The most severe consequences are caused by surrogates: methanol; butyl, hydrolysis, sulfite, methyl alcohol; denatured alcohols; components of paint and varnish products; ethylene glycol, which are dangerous in any quantity. Serious complications are observed when drinking moonshine with poor purification due to the presence of various harmful impurities.

At the everyday level, the concept of “alcohol poisoning” usually refers to any painful and unpleasant sensations that arise after drinking alcohol. This is also the name for deterioration in health immediately after drinking (vomiting, problems with breathing and heart), and a severe morning hangover. In medicine, a more specific term is used - alcohol intoxication. It is caused by an excess of ethyl alcohol derivatives in the blood, which causes symptoms of general intoxication of the body and damage to the nervous system.

Alcohol poisoning of varying severity is considered very common. Naturally, the question arises of how to relieve alcohol intoxication at home, because most people are unlikely to see a doctor with such a diagnosis. Exist different means what is it in folk recipes, and in ready-made pharmaceutical form, which will provide effective assistance with alcohol poisoning. However, recognizing the priority of the household method, it should be remembered that in case of severe poisoning it is necessary to call an ambulance, because sometimes the lack of adequate measures leads to tragedies (especially when using surrogates).

Manifestation of poisoning

From a medical point of view, there are 3 degrees of alcohol poisoning:

1. Easy stage. The concentration of ethyl alcohol does not exceed 1.4%, which causes minor disturbances mental functions. At this stage, euphoria appears, redness of the skin on the face, and dilation of the pupils.
2. Middle stage. The alcohol level reaches 1.5-2.4%, which leads to minor manifestations of neurological symptoms. Characteristic sign: vomiting as a protective reaction of the body. Motor coordination is impaired. Breathing becomes uneven.
3. The severe stage occurs when the ethanol content exceeds 2.5%. In this case, dysfunctions of various organs and systems are noted, and a serious threat to human life may arise.

In the first 2 stages, medical intervention is usually not required, and the question is what to do in case of alcohol poisoning in mild degree, solved on your own. All unpleasant sensations can be relieved at home with simple pharmacy tablets (intended for these purposes) or “old-fashioned” methods.

Severe intoxication is manifested by quite alarming symptoms:

• intense nausea and vomiting;
• convulsions;
• slow breathing and heart rate;
• decrease in body temperature below 36ºС;
• pallor and bluish tint of the skin;
• mental disorders;
• excessive sweating.

In especially severe cases, a person may lose consciousness and an alcoholic coma may occur. In such circumstances, treating alcohol poisoning at home is dangerous: only professional measures can really help with severe alcohol poisoning.

Possible complications

Why is it necessary to detoxify the body as quickly as possible? Severe poisoning can lead to tragic consequences. One of the most dangerous manifestations is alcoholic coma, when it seems that a person has fallen asleep, although in fact the brain is affected. You can check a person’s condition by pointing a light beam at the eye. If the pupil reacts to light, then the drunk is simply sleeping. During a coma, such a reaction is not observed.

Another possible complication is respiratory problems. The following manifestations should be considered very alarming symptoms: wheezing, intermittent breathing, skin pallor with a bluish tint. If help is not provided, breathing may stop altogether as a result of damage to the central nervous system, vomit entering the respiratory tract, and tongue retraction. The effects of alcohol on the functioning of the heart have serious consequences.

Any poisoning, especially alcoholic poisoning, leads to disruption of the water-mineral balance of the body. As a result of intoxication, the kidneys and urinary system work with great overload. The liver, which does most of the work of neutralizing toxins, finds itself in especially difficult conditions. Alcohol poisoning can cause significant dysfunction of these organs.

Emergency help

There are cases when providing timely first aid saves a person’s life in severe cases. drunkenness. What to do at home if such circumstances arise? First of all, you need to call an ambulance, and before the team arrives, you need to take the following measures:

1. If the victim is in a conscious state, then it is necessary to clear the stomach of the drink as much as possible. The best way- artificial vomiting. After this, you should rinse your stomach by drinking 0.5-1 liters of water with added salt.
2. In cases where the victim is unconscious, inducing vomiting is unacceptable. It should be placed on its side and all measures should be taken to facilitate breathing. It is necessary to check for the presence of vomit in the upper respiratory tract and prevent tongue retraction. An attempt to restore consciousness can be made with the help of ammonia, brought to the nose.

Removing alcohol intoxication quickly is possible in the following ways:

1. Intramuscular injection of vitamin B6. Significant relief should occur within 6-8 minutes.
2. A solution of phenamine, corazole or nicotinic acid in warm water. Drink 100-150 ml, and relief should occur within 20-25 minutes.
3. The level of ethanol in the blood decreases when taking a 40% glucose solution (20 ml); 5% solution of ascorbic acid (15 ml); 1% Nicotinamide (1 ml).

When trying to eliminate alcohol intoxication at home, the following actions are strictly contraindicated:

• drinking alcohol in any form;
• try to cure with active physical exercise or walking;
• dousing cold water;
• taking sleeping pills and sedatives;
• drinking drinks with a tonic effect (coffee, strong tea);
• attempts to take the victim outside;
• leaving him unattended.

Principles of treatment of poisoning

The question of how to treat alcohol problems at home depends on the severity of the phenomenon, age, and health status of the victim. In general, the following problems are solved in case of alcohol poisoning at home:

• cleaning the gastrointestinal tract from ethanol and metabolic products;
• normalization of water and mineral balance;
• restoration of intestinal microflora;
• neutralization of the effects of ethanol breakdown products on the body;
• elimination of unpleasant and painful symptoms.

It has long been common practice to treat alcohol poisoning by artificial or natural vomiting. This process effectively cleanses the stomach of toxins and alcohol residues. At the same time, it should be remembered that indomitable constant vomiting, which continues even after complete emptying of the stomach (especially with an admixture of bile or blood), becomes dangerous - it leads to dehydration and weakening of the body. This phenomenon must be dealt with in a timely manner. As a rule, antiemetic drugs are taken. At home, applying an ice compress to the temples and drinking a restorative product, such as Regidron, helps.

Therapeutic effect

The question of how to treat alcohol poisoning at home is solved mainly by taking ready-made pharmaceutical drugs or folk natural remedies. Therapy allows you to relieve intoxication when using the following drugs:

1. Enterosorbents. Their action is based on the sorption of toxin residues and metabolic products remaining in gastrointestinal system, after which everything is excreted during bowel movements. The following sorbents are recognized as the most effective: Enterosgel, Polysorb MP, Smecta, Filtrum, Lignosorb, Polyphepan, Entegnin, Karbolen. Activated carbon does not have the effectiveness of these drugs, but is the most common due to its availability and safety. It is taken at the rate of 1 tablet for every 10 kg of body weight. Modern pharmacology offers a specific sorbent - Rekitsen-RD.
2. Normalization water balance. To restore water, salt and mineral balance in the body, rehydrating preparations are used, which contain sodium, potassium, chlorides, and various carbohydrates. The most commonly used solutions are Regidron, Hydrovit, Citraglucosolan. Severe poisoning is treated with intravenous drip injection. The following agents are used: Disol, Hemodez, saline solution, glucose solution (5-10%), ascorbic acid solution (5%). If necessary, the doctor may prescribe nicotinic acid, pyridoxine, magnesia, potassium chloride, Panangin.
3. Normalization of microflora. Alcohol significantly disrupts the balance of beneficial microorganisms in the intestines, which leads to its dysfunction. The task of restoring microflora is solved by taking the following drugs: products with lactobacilli; Bifidumbacterin; Linux; Bifiform; Enterol; Baktisubtil.
4. Homeopathic remedies. They relieve many symptoms of alcohol poisoning. Among the most effective are the following drugs: Anti-E and PROPROTENE-100.
5. Help for alcohol poisoning - severe hangover. For this purpose, specialized drugs are recommended: Biotredin; Zorex; Limontar; Metadoxyl; Alka-Seltzer.

Possibilities of traditional medicine

At home, the fight against alcohol poisoning is often carried out using folk remedies, proven in practice over centuries. The following methods can be recommended:

• hot tea with lemon;
• decoction of rose hips;
• mixture tomato juice, raw chicken egg And table vinegar(8-10 drops);
• as an antiemetic: green tea with the addition of lemon balm or peppermint;
• vitamin cocktail: lemon or Orange juice, honey and egg yolk;
• tea with the addition of ginger and honey.

Alcohol poisoning can lead to serious consequences if timely measures are not taken. In case of severe intoxication, it is necessary to seek medical help. Most often, poisoning is moderate in nature, and such intoxication can be effectively treated at home.

Download the emergency medical aid standard for alcohol poisoning:

Alcohol intoxication (or poisoning) is a condition characterized by a critical concentration of ethanol in the blood - more than 3 g/l. Usually caused by the abuse of alcoholic beverages. In some cases, when consuming surrogate drinks, poisoning may be caused not by ethanol, but by other toxic substances. For example: methanol poisoning. (See) In addition to poisoning, alcohol consumption can provoke an exacerbation and complication of an existing disease, which in turn can lead to serious consequences.<.h5>

Lethal dose of alcohol for each person is individual and depends on a number of factors: genotype, age, body weight, resistance to alcohol consumption, individual metabolic characteristics, concomitant diseases, method and duration of use, etc. Therefore, the lethal concentration is 5 ppm (5 ml of alcohol per 1 liter blood) can be achieved with different quantities alcohol consumed. For an adult lethal dose there may be consumption of more than 700 ml of 40% alcohol-containing drinks.

Signs (symptoms) of alcohol poisoning:

• relaxed behavior
• disorder of consciousness
• dizziness and disorientation
• vomit
• pallor skin or facial redness
• hypothermia
• rare pulse
• respiratory dysfunction: the interval between breaths is 10 seconds.
• IN SEVERE CASES: loss of consciousness, constriction of the pupils, foamy discharge from the mouth, disturbances in cardiac and respiratory activity.

Providing first aid for alcohol poisoning. Basic measures

1. Call an ambulance
2. The victim should take a safe sitting position: chair, sofa, bed.
3. Try to “bring them to their senses” and keep the victim conscious.
4. If the victim is in a horizontal position, he should be placed on his side to avoid choking on vomit.
5. If there is no breathing or pulse, resuscitation measures should be started immediately. For more details see:
   
6. You should try to induce vomiting in the victim by pressing your fingers on the root of the tongue. To speed up the process, you should take several glasses of boiled salted water.
7. Detoxification therapy is indicated: drinking plenty of fluids, taking activated carbon (1 TB per 10 kg of body weight), + Medichronal (2 packets per dose), Zorex (3-4 capsules per day)
8. After stabilization of the general condition for recovery water-salt balance on the first day you should take Regidron (1 packet per 1 liter of water) 200 ml every 1-2 hours. To reduce the toxic effects, it is recommended to take Glutargin - 750 mg - 2 times a day, a course of 20 days.

What should not be done during alcohol intoxication:

• The victim should not be left unattended
• Drinking coffee is contraindicated due to water-electrolyte imbalance
• the use of anti-hangover drugs Alka-Seltzer and Alka-Prim will not have any positive effect on alcohol poisoning. Basics active substance in these drugs - acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) is an anti-inflammatory pain reliever and can be useful the next day only for headaches
• in case of alcohol intoxication, the use of drugs for the treatment of alcoholism is contraindicated: disulfiram (Teturam, Esperal). The use of these drugs in case of poisoning will only aggravate the victim’s condition and can lead to severe disorders of the cardiovascular and hepato-biliary systems
• Hypothermia is contraindicated: ice showers, wiping with snow.

Alcohol poisoning is a dangerous condition that affects most internal organs, brain. It can lead to permanent disability and death. This article discusses in detail first aid for alcohol poisoning at home, the main signs of using alcohol substitutes.

What are the main causes of alcohol poisoning

The main causes of alcohol poisoning are discussed below.

• One large intake of alcoholic beverages. Intoxication develops at a blood alcohol concentration of 2.5 g/l. It is worth noting that this concentration is individual for each person. It depends on his weight, age, liver and kidney performance.
• Taking alcohol together with medications or narcotic substances. Some drugs enhance the effect of alcohol on the body. For example, antidepressants, barbiturates, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
• Binge drinking is a state of prolonged and continuous drinking of alcohol over several days or months. This condition occurs in alcoholism.
• Taking alcohol substitutes (methyl, ethylene glycol). These liquids are used in industries. Unscrupulous alcohol producers sometimes dilute vodka with them. These drinks are deadly.

What are the symptoms of alcohol poisoning?

The first signs of alcohol poisoning appear within a few hours. Their severity depends on the quantity and quality of the drink.

Remember that with methyl poisoning, the first symptoms may appear only after 1-2 days.

Ethyl alcohol poisoning

Ethyl alcohol intoxication develops as a result of taking large doses of alcohol; the concentration of alcohol in the blood increases sharply. The development of poisoning indicates the body’s inability to neutralize alcohol molecules on its own. Alcohol poisoning affects the nervous, digestive, respiratory and endocrine systems.

We list the main symptoms of ethyl alcohol poisoning.

• Nausea and vomiting. Vomiting is a defense mechanism. With its help, the stomach tries to get rid of excess drink.
• Diarrhea develops due to disruption of the pancreas. It can be abundant and lead to severe dehydration.
• Severe abdominal pain, which can be localized in the stomach or intestines. This pain is caused by inflammation of the gastric mucosa, flatulence and damage to the pancreas.
• Nervous abnormalities. With alcohol poisoning, brain tissue does not receive enough oxygen and glucose. Due to dehydration and thickening of the blood, vasospasm develops. Symptoms of damage to brain cells by alcohol:

1. hallucinations;
2. cramps that spread to all muscle groups;
3. increased agitation and aggressiveness;
4. not a special act of defecation and urination;
5. a disturbance of consciousness in which the victim gradually sinks into a stupor and then falls into a deep coma.

• Shallow and rapid breathing. The patient gradually develops respiratory failure.

Methyl alcohol poisoning

The main symptom is blurred vision. A person complains of a weakening of the clarity of the picture he sees, a feeling of blurred vision. Methyl alcohol leads to complete and irreversible blindness.

The remaining symptoms are the same as for ethanol poisoning.

Ethylene glycol poisoning

How to help the victim

First aid for alcohol poisoning should begin immediately after signs of the disease appear. You should first call an emergency ambulance medical care home. Describe the patient's symptoms to the dispatcher. Self-medication at home for this condition is prohibited. First aid for alcohol poisoning at home is provided by relatives before the arrival of doctors. Exactly The prognosis of life depends on timely and correct pre-medical care.

Below we consider emergency care for alcohol intoxication, which must be provided to the victim before the arrival of emergency doctors.

Gastric lavage is necessary to cleanse the stomach cavity of alcohol or toxic substances. By cleaning the stomach, you can improve the patient's condition.

Please note that gastric lavage at home is performed only on conscious people. If the patient is comatose or severely intoxicated, this procedure may result in aspiration of water into the lungs and choking on vomit.

In order to cleanse your stomach at home, you need to drink 1 liter of plain table water in one gulp and then vomit it. This procedure can be done several times. There is no need to add medications or potassium permanganate to the rinsing water.

Purgation

An enema is performed to cleanse the intestines of alcohol breakdown products and toxins. It helps reduce intoxication syndrome. An enema is mandatory component emergency care for alcohol intoxication.

To carry it out, use water at neutral (room) temperature. You cannot add medications or herbal solutions to it. An enema should be done until clean rinsing water is obtained.

Sorbents

Sorbents are drugs that remove toxins and poisons from the body. They accelerate the neutralization of alcohol and reduce intoxication syndrome.

Carefully read the rules for selecting the dosage of the sorbent. It may depend on the weight or age of the patient. Sorbents need to be washed down big amount liquids. Water enhances their ability to bind toxins.

Preparations:

• Activated carbon;
• white coal;
• sorbex;
• enterosgel;
• smecta.

Drink plenty of fluids

The patient must be given water to drink. This should be done after washing the stomach and intestines. It is better to drink a little bit, in small sips. Drinking will reduce your level of dehydration and make you feel better.

What to do if a patient loses consciousness

In case of severe alcohol poisoning, the victim may be unconscious or in a coma. You should check his breathing, heartbeat and place him on a hard, flat surface on his side. If you can't turn him on his side, at least turn his head. This is necessary to prevent tongue retraction and choking on vomit.

The pulse is checked in the carotid artery. Breathing can be checked by placing your hand on the person's chest, feeling it move as you inhale and exhale. If breathing and heartbeat stop, indirect cardiac massage should be started.

Subsequent treatment

Having arrived at the call, doctors begin providing first aid for alcohol poisoning. First of all, they conduct a quick assessment of the patient’s condition. Close people need to tell in detail the symptoms, describe the help that they managed to provide on their own, name the approximate time the patient consumed alcohol and its amount.

What does first aid consist of:

• cleaning the stomach through a tube is carried out for people in an unconscious state;
• connecting an IV with medications to relieve alcohol intoxication;
• connecting the patient to oxygen through a mask;
• normalization of cardiac activity with the help of medications.

Doctors then hospitalize the patient in the toxicology or intensive care unit. At the hospital, his blood is taken to test for alcohol and toxins. The duration of hospitalization depends on the patient's condition.

Treatment in a hospital may consist of:

• hemodialysis (blood purification). The patient is connected special apparatus"artificial kidney" that cleanses all the blood. Hemodialysis is performed to quickly remove toxins from the body. It is done for all poisonings with surrogate alcohol;
• administration of an antidote. For methyl poisoning, the antidote used is ethanol. It is administered to the patient intravenously in low concentrations throughout the day. Only through the introduction of an antidote can total blindness be avoided;
• intravenous drip administration of solutions to eliminate intoxication (trisol, disol, reopolyglucin, reosorbilact, glucose).

Alcohol poisoning is a particularly dangerous intoxication. It often causes disability, permanent disability, blindness, fatal outcome. Treatment of alcohol intoxication is carried out in the toxicology or intensive care department. When the first symptoms of the disease appear, you should call an emergency medical team. Before the doctors arrive, you can try to rinse the patient’s stomach and intestines, give him sorbents and drink.