(Yandex.Photos)

Funnel talker, in common people her name is simply Ear, and modern mushroom pickers often compare it with the ears of the famous Shrek because of the unusual shape of this mushroom.
This is an edible, but not very aromatic mushroom that grows in mixed forests.
The mushroom has a pleasant straw color, perfect for drying for the winter due to its small size: you can dry the whole mushroom and small mushrooms will float appetizingly in cooked dishes.

Light, appetizing ears have an unsightly sister - Goblet talker, it has the same shape, but is distinguished by an unattractive dark gray color, although it is edible.

Small "Voronochki" are often found in our forests, and even more often they come to our attention because not many people know this mushroom - and do not collect it. In fact, he is not like the “noble” Whites or Milk mushrooms.

However Funnel talker(funnel, funnel) - an edible mushroom, it is prepared fresh, fried and dried.

What does Talker look like?

Talker's Hat: Diameter 4-8 cm, at first convex, with tucked edges, with age it acquires a pronounced funnel-like, goblet-shaped shape. Color - fawn, grayish-yellow, leathery. The pulp is quite thin (thick only in the central part), white, dry, with a pleasant smell.

Talker's Leg: 3 - 5 centimeters tall, monochromatic with a cap.

Where does Govorushka grow?

Funnel talker grows in mixed forests in large quantities from late June to October, in all areas. Edible. Used fresh in soups. The decoction has a slightly “perfumy” aroma.

Only the caps of young mushrooms are eaten; the stems are hard and rubbery. Eat fresh after boiling for 20 minutes. Can be salted and dried.

Storing Vorovushka funnel-shaped

Talkers before preparing for long-term storage, it is necessary to carefully sort out. It is advisable to use young mushrooms (they are smaller in size, elastic, the color is uniform, light, and the tissues are little damaged). The talkers must be cleared of forest debris; it is better to cut off all damaged areas. Wormy mushrooms are not suitable for cooking. Then the talkers are thoroughly washed with warm water (you can even soak them - leave them in a container with water for 10 minutes) and dry.

Before marinating or salting Talkers needs to be boiled.

When marinating mushrooms Govorushek It is important to ensure the sterility of the dishes and use a fairly strong marinade (always using acetic acid).

Recipes for making Govorushki

Mushrooms Talker goes well with boiled and fried vegetables. As an example, here are several recipes.

Vinaigrette with Talkers

Boiled and diced potatoes, carrots and beets are mixed with fresh onions, canned peas and pickled mushrooms Govorushki. You can leave the salad without dressing or season it with sunflower oil (or lemon juice) and salt.

Marinade salad with Govorushki

Pickled or pickled cucumbers are mixed with fresh onions, pickled Talkers and seasoned with sunflower or olive oil and salt. It is allowed to add cold boiled potatoes, pickled garlic, and spices.

Toasts with Talkers

The toast is topped with lettuce and finely chopped Govorushki fried with onions. You can sprinkle grated cheese on top.

Vegetable sauté with Govorushki

Simmer onions, potatoes, eggplant (or zucchini), peppers and tomatoes for 15 minutes, then add boiled Govorushki, salt, pepper, bay leaf and bring to readiness, periodically adding water.

Risotto with Talkers

Fry steamed vegetables, canned peas and corn with boiled Govorushki. When the liquid has boiled down, add sunflower oil and boiled rice, season with spices and fry for another 5 - 7 minutes.

They will always have a bright, rich aroma and a somewhat spicy taste. When combining these mushrooms with any other products, you need to remember their characteristics.

Kira Stoletova

The talker mushroom has a large number of varieties. Among them there are both edible mushrooms with a pleasant taste, and dangerous poisonous representatives that can cause severe poisoning.

Description of the mushroom

Representatives of talkers have a small cap, which only in rare cases is medium in size, its diameter ranges from 3 to 6 cm, and 10-15 cm in some species. All young mushrooms have a hemispherical upper part (cap), which eventually flattens out and becomes depressed, funnel-shaped. Color varies from grayish to grey-brown, pinkish, brown and ocher. In the center there is a circle of a darker color than the rest of the cap. On the surface of the cap you can sometimes notice the remains of mycelium, which resembles mold. The hymenophore is white or cream in color. The plates that form it are located close to each other, initially white, but as the mushroom ages, they can acquire a yellowish tint.

According to the description, the shape of the leg depends on the species, its height reaches 8 cm in height, and its diameter ranges from 0.5 to 3 cm. The white dense pulp becomes yellowish over time and acquires a loose structure. These are autumn mushrooms, the peak of fruiting of which occurs in August-September, but some species also grow in frosts, such as winter talker.

Irina Selyutina (Biologist):

Govorushki are the most numerous genus of cap mushrooms that are part of the Rowadovaceae, or Tricholomovaceae family. This genus unites approximately 250 species and among them there are both edible and poisonous species, including deadly ones, so they are usually collected only by experienced mushroom pickers. For their living, talkers choose bedding from pine needles or leaf litter (it should be thick ). Their usual neighbors are the violet row and the blushing umbrella.

Govorushki are mycorrhiza-forming fungi. They often enter into symbiotic relationships with representatives of deciduous trees.

There are about 60 species of talkers found on the territory of Russia. They can be found in the forests of the temperate climate zone of the European part of the Russian Federation, Siberia and the Primorsky Territory.

Types of mushroom

There are more than 250 species of these mushrooms, only about 1/4 of them have been studied in our country.

The club-footed talker

The species belongs to edible mushrooms and is characterized by low taste characteristics. The diameter of the cap is 4-8 cm; at the beginning of growth, its shape is convex, and then gradually becomes prostrate, sometimes forming a funnel. The color varies from grayish to brown. The edges of the cap are always much lighter than its main part. The hat is hygrophanic. The pulp is loose, watery after rains, and may have a pronounced sweet smell. The plates of the hymenophore are white and become creamy as they grow, and are tightly located on the stalk.

The leg reaches 3-9 cm in height, looks like a club with a wide base (but not swelling!). The color can be either light gray or dark. The entire surface of the leg is smooth. The diameter of the thinnest part does not exceed 0.5 cm. The flesh of the leg is also loose and fibrous. The club-footed talker forms clusters of fruiting bodies of different ages.

For your information. Today, this type of mushroom belongs to the Hygrophoraceae family.

Funnel talker, or funnel

The funnel talker is also called the fragrant talker, or the odorous talker. The cap reaches 8 cm in diameter, its edges are turned inward and after some time it takes on a goblet shape. The color is gray-yellow, brown or fawn. The pulp is thin, white, dry and has a characteristic odor. The plates on the stem of this type of talker are often located and are white. The length of the leg reaches 3-7 cm, and up to 1 cm in diameter, the base is thickened, it itself has a fibrous structure, its color is similar to the cap, or slightly lighter than the latter. The lower part of the leg is covered with small white or whitish fluff.

The funnel talker prefers to grow in groups; its favorite habitat is leaf litter; it is also often found near roads.

This species is edible, belongs to category 4 and requires preliminary boiling. Only young representatives eat, but even they do not have good taste.

Fruiting begins in July and lasts until the end of September; the funnel talker lives in deciduous forests. During this period, purple row also grows nearby.

Giant talker

Giant talker is a conditionally edible agaric mushroom. Its cap reaches from 10 to 30 cm in diameter, has a faint funnel shape and wavy edges. Under the whitish or cream-colored cap there are descending plates that are closely spaced to each other. As they approach the stem they become darker. The pulp is quite tough, does not have a pronounced taste and gives off a mealy smell. The leg of the giant talker is smooth, reaches 4-7 cm in diameter, has a cylindrical shape, and slightly tapers towards the base. Its color matches the color of the cap.

The giant talker mushroom bears fruit from August to October, but if the weather is sunny outside, it can also be harvested in November. They can be found in clearings in coniferous and mixed forests. Before eating, be sure to heat them (boil for 15-20 minutes).

The body of the giant talker contains the natural antibiotic clitocybin A and B, which can destroy the tuberculosis bacillus.

By the way. Despite its specific name, the giant talker does not belong to the genus Govorushka, but to the genus Svinukha (do not confuse it with pigs). But this genus still belongs to the Oryadovaceae family.

The talker is bent

The bent talker, or the red talker, is another representative of this family. It belongs to the 4th category and is conditionally edible, which means: preliminary heat treatment is necessary before eating. The water in which the mushroom was boiled is drained; it is not suitable for further use, and especially not suitable as a base for mushroom broth. The cap of this species reaches 20 cm in diameter, it itself is smooth, with a tubercle in the center. In young representatives it is convex, and as it grows it becomes funnel-shaped. Its color varies from red to dull beige. The color of old mushrooms may fade, and sometimes rusty spots appear on the surface. The hymenophore is white. The cap flesh is dense, white in color, pleasant to the taste and has a persistent aroma. The plates are similar white in color, thin, and in old mushrooms they can take on a creamy tint.

The stem is cylindrical in shape, its height is up to 15 cm, and its diameter is up to 2-3 cm. In young mushrooms it is light yellow, but over time its color becomes the same as that of the cap. The flesh of the bent talker's leg is dense and white. Subsequently, it becomes loose and brown. Unlike the cap, it has a pungent taste and smell.

Red talkers prefer to grow in groups, which allows them to quickly fill a basket. The harvesting season for these mushrooms occurs at the beginning of July and lasts until the end of October. Only the caps of young specimens are collected. Boil for 20 minutes before use.

Orange talker

Orange talker, or false chanterelle, is a conditionally edible mushroom. It has a cap up to 5 cm in diameter, which is characterized by inwardly curved edges, a prostrate shape, becoming funnel-shaped over time. When pressed, the descending plates become brown in color. This mushroom is also called false chanterelle, because. outwardly he really looks like a fox. It is distinguished by its brighter orange color, dense pulp and the presence of a clear boundary between the lamellar hymenophore and the leg.

Pale-colored talker

Mushroom pickers also call it a slightly colored talker. The description indicates that the pale-colored talker is an inedible mushroom of the Rowadovaceae family. It has a small cap up to 5 cm in diameter with a pronounced dark center. In young mushrooms, the edges are curved and become jagged over time, while the cap itself initially has a convex shape, which becomes funnel-shaped with age. The color of the mushroom changes depending on the weather; in dry times it is grayish, and during rains it is grayish-ashy with brown tints. The length of the leg is 3-6 cm, the diameter is no more than 1 cm. Its base is dark, it itself is covered with white powder, has a club-shaped shape, which changes to cylindrical. The pulp does not have a distinct smell or taste.

Representatives of this species prefer broad-leaved forests for their habitat. In assessing its edibility, the opinions of experts are divided - some consider this mushroom inedible, and some consider it poisonous.

Talker whitewashed

The whitish talker, or the bleached talker, belongs to the inedible representatives; it is more dangerous than representatives of the Amanita genus. It contains a large percentage of muscarine. Outwardly, it looks like milk mushrooms, so mushroom pickers should be especially careful when picking mushrooms. Eating this mushroom causes severe poisoning, low blood pressure, breathing problems, vomiting, diarrhea, and slow heart rate. In most cases, death can be avoided, but the consequences are difficult to eliminate. The cap reaches 2-6 cm in diameter; in young representatives it is convex in shape with folded edges; as it grows, it becomes spread out, and the edges acquire a wavy appearance.

The cap is white, in rare cases grayish. A light coating of matte color is noticeable. The cap is hygrophanic, i.e. during rain it is able to retain water inside itself. The pulp is not fleshy, with many fibers, a mealy odor and a mild taste. The leg grows up to 4 cm in height and up to 0.6 cm in diameter, has a cylindrical shape with a characteristic narrowing at the base. It comes in white or gray shades, just like the hat. Brown spots are visible on its surface. The hymenophore is lamellar, also white. Grows in large groups. It bears fruit from mid-summer until the end of autumn.

Reddish talker

The species reddish talker, or furrowed talker, is also called whitish talker (bleached or discolored) and differs from it in its short stalk and pinkish skin color. The rest of the description is identical. Although previously they were differentiated and considered different species, scientists came to the conclusion that this is one polymorphic species, because they have a similar molecular genetic structure. The reddish talker grows in deciduous, mixed forests. It can also be found in meadows, pastures or parks.

Leaf-loving talker

Leaf-loving talker, like translucent talker, is a poisonous mushroom. It is also called the waxy talker. The cap grows up to 10 cm in diameter, has a convex shape with outstretched wavy edges. The leg is up to 3 cm in height and up to 1.5 cm in diameter, cylindrical in shape, with a slightly thickened base. The waxy talker is similar to the hanging flower, which is edible. Many inexperienced mushroom pickers often confuse them with each other, which leads to severe poisoning due to the presence of a high concentration of muscarine in its pulp. Grows in all types of forests on a litter of decaying leaves or needles. It almost always grows in groups that form paths or circles.

Red-brown talker

Inverted talker - this is its second name; it belongs to an inedible species, according to some sources, and according to others, the mushroom is poisonous due to the presence of muscarinic-like compounds in its fruiting body. The cap grows up to 8 cm in the shape of a deep funnel; a reddish tint predominates in its color. The lamellar hymenophore is initially white, but as the mushroom ages it becomes dark orange or pink-brown in color. The leg is small (up to 6 cm in height) and up to 1 cm in diameter. The mushroom has a pleasant taste and aroma. The flesh of the representative is dense.

Beneficial features

Talker mushrooms have a lot of useful properties. They are low in calories, which is important for those who watch their diet and want to keep their weight normal. They have a lot of fiber, minerals, macro- and microelements.

Irina Selyutina (Biologist):

In the pharmaceutical industry, talkers are so-called. “primary raw material”, which is used to obtain several types of antibiotics, including clitocybin. This drug is very important for suppressing the activity of the tuberculosis bacillus and treating epilepsy. The fruiting bodies of talkers also contain nebularin, an antimicrobial substance that in its action resembles the antibiotic clitocybin, but it is less active and does not cause side effects.

The aqueous extract has almost the same effect as the antibiotics we know (levomycin, biomycin, streptomycin) on wound microflora.

Eating them helps improve digestion and strengthen the immune system. They prevent the formation of inflammatory processes and are a natural antibiotic. Systematically adding them to food helps improve memory and increase concentration. Also, edible types of talkers, when used regularly, can remove cholesterol plaques from blood vessels.

Contraindications

Edible species do not cause harm, but have a number of contraindications, if present, they should not be eaten. These include:

• pregnancy;
• breastfeeding period;
• presence of diarrhea;
• irritable bowel syndrome;
• indigestion and stomach acidity.

Talker mushrooms should not be given to children at an early age, because the active components contained in their composition can cause attacks of nausea and vomiting.

Application

The presence of a huge number of diverse representatives of this species has led to their widespread use in agriculture and medicine.

In cooking

Talker mushrooms have a special taste, and their smell gives off fruity notes, but at the same time they are not very popular. Young mushrooms are used for cooking because... in old age they lose their taste. Only the caps are taken, the legs are not used at all. This mushroom is suitable for all types of homemade dishes and preparations. They perfectly complement soups and are often used as a base for sauces. The main thing to remember is that representatives of this genus are conditionally edible mushrooms and require preliminary heat treatment before further use. Mushrooms have a fibrous structure and, when boiled, lose more than half of their weight; this should also be taken into account when cooking. In numbers, this can be expressed as a ratio of 5:1, where the first number is what was before cooking, but the second is what remains after it. Only smoky (gray) govorushka is dried and salted.

Conclusion

In the genus Govorushka there are a huge number of both tasty edible species and representatives that are more dangerous than the red toadstool (fly agaric). The main thing is to always be careful when harvesting and carry out preliminary heat treatment before eating mushrooms.

Nail grass or meadow talker is an edible mushroom from the Ryadovkovy family. Most often, these gifts of the forest are found in the north of Russia; they are also known firsthand in the temperate zone. The main advantage of edible talkers is the pleasant mushroom aroma, which fully covers the slightly fresh taste of these mushrooms. When collecting them you need to be careful - there are also in the genus.

Meadow talker mushroom

The nail mushroom or meadow mushroom is popularly called the talking mushroom, as well as the meadow honey fungus, but the latter name is not entirely correct, because this mushroom is almost in no way similar to our ordinary honey mushroom, except that it also grows in rather large circles. But in appearance it differs sharply from both and from all others in that its stem and cap itself are very thin and dry. The place of growth of nail or meadow lamina, as can be seen from the second name, is in steppe meadows, somewhat damp, as well as on pastures, along the boundaries of arable lands and even along roads. However, this mushroom is sometimes found on forest lawns, where the forest is very sparse. The time in which talkers meet begins in May and continues until June. In the heat, they apparently do not occur at all, and then in the fall, although they occur, they are unlikely to be found anywhere in abundance.

Check out the photo and description of talkers of the most common type. The cap of the nail plate is so thin that it seems to be translucent, and although its color is generally light, it is never white, but always pale yellowish-brown, or gray-ash, or, finally, light chestnut. The shape of the cap is indeed somewhat similar to that of the honey mushroom, because also in young mushrooms it is semicircular, convex, and then as it gets older it is flat, with a small umbilical-shaped prominence in the middle, which has a darkish tint around it. The upper skin of the talker caps is bare, and the width of the entire cap, even with perfect development of the mushroom, does not exceed 0.5 cm.

Look at the photo: in talkers the plates are whitish, infrequent and adherent to the stem; in general they are wide, sharply separated from each other, very thin and sharp. The edges of the cap are radiantly illuminated and seem to be ribbed. The leg is from 2 to 4 cm high and no more than 0.5 cm thick, pale yellowish, but always lighter than the cap, very dry and hard. Due to the elasticity and thinness of the stem and cap of this mushroom, as well as the almost always straight shape of the mushroom, we gave it the name nail mushroom, although sometimes in large heaps, due to crowding, the stems of some specimens diverge in different directions.

From the photo and description of the talkers it is clear that these mushrooms are very small and dry, but nevertheless they are aromatic, and with this advantage they somewhat cover up their insignificance in taste, so in those treeless places where few good mushrooms are found, they are consumed in large quantities for food by local residents, who give them the name meadow honey fungus. The taste of these mushrooms in their raw form differs little from the taste of fried in oil or sour cream, for it is remarkable only for the aromatic property of the mushrooms, somewhat reminiscent of the aroma

Edible mushrooms are often easily confused with very similar inedible or even poisonous (sometimes deadly) mushrooms, so learning to recognize them is essential. This is especially true for talkers - the family of these mushrooms has about 250 species, some of which are very poisonous.

Talker mushroom (Clitocybe) is a genus of mushrooms from the family of mushrooms (Tricholomataceae). Saprotrophs living in the soil. The caps of this species of mushrooms are of very different sizes, mostly funnel-shaped and dry. Legs without ring, cylindrical. The plates are light, descending onto the stem, clearly converging. The spore powder is white, sometimes with a creamy tint. Spores are elliptical, smooth. Some species contain toxic substances that affect the nervous system.

Fungi are found throughout the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere– Europe, North America. In Russia in Siberia and Primorye. They grow in forests, pastures, and on roadsides. The fruiting body is formed in summer and autumn.

Govorushka is a genus of mushrooms from the row family.

Description of taste qualities and nutritional value of talkers

Govorushki belong to the fourth category of mushrooms, so there is no need to talk about their outstanding culinary features. As a rule, even edible representatives of the species are bitter. They smell like flour, sometimes dust. Actually Mushrooms of this species are difficult to classify as valuable.

However, they have one important feature. Some species contain a biologically active compound called clitocin, which has antibacterial activity against a number of bacteria pathogenic to humans, such as Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis. A number of studies have shown antibiotic activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, typhoid fever (Salmonella typhi), and bovine brucellosis (Brucea abortus). Clytocin is thought to stimulate apoptosis (cell death) in cancer cells. Talkers also contain phenols and flavonoids, which have antioxidant activity.

Gallery: talking mushrooms (25 photos)

Where to collect talkers (video)

How to distinguish talker mushrooms from false species

Among the mushrooms growing in the world there are many species suitable for consumption. In practice, however, only a very few species are collected, those known to be tasty and safe. Many mushrooms are edible, but have no practical value, since they are either tasteless, very small, or very rare.

Talkers are dangerous because they are very similar to each other. It is easier to distinguish a poisonous mushroom from an edible one in the forest than at home, so you should be especially careful when picking mushrooms . The stem of an edible mushroom, unlike a poisonous one, exudes a milky liquid when cut.

Govorushkas contain phenols and flavonoids, which have antioxidant activity.

Edible talkers

Despite the fact that most talkers are of no interest or are simply dangerous, these mushrooms have fans. The following mushrooms are usually collected.

Giant talker

A large mushroom with a cap up to 40 cm in diameter with a thickness of 1 to 1.2 cm at half the radius. Juveniles appear as bulbous caps, but with age the cap flattens out and eventually becomes shallowly funnel-shaped. The surface is smooth, white with a creamy tint, but with age it can become covered with brown spots and circular cracks. The cream-colored plates are narrow, densely spaced, fall along the entire length of the leg, and with age they darken to the color of dark skin. The stalk is milky white with reddish-brown fibers, measures up to 4.5-6 cm in height and from 1.5 to 3 cm in thickness, without a ring on the stalk. The base of the stalk is usually thick white. The flesh is firm and white. Spore powder is white.

The mushroom is edible. Grows from summer to late autumn. Mature mushrooms are fragile and difficult to harvest without breaking.

Giant talker

Gray talker

The cap is 5-25 cm in diameter, first convex, then flat and slightly concave, the surface is smooth and matte. The edge of the cap is wavy, strongly turned up. The color is blue-gray, ash-smoky, sometimes brownish. The plates are whitish and light cream in color. On the stem, fused, cascading. Densely arranged, 3 to 6 mm wide. The stem is the same color as the cap, but brighter, thicker, widened at the base, club-shaped, with thick white mycelium. The surface is longitudinally fibrous. The pulp is whitish, fleshy. The taste is light, slightly earthy, the smell is strong, mealy-rancid. Spore powder is creamy.

It grows, like other talkers, from late August to late autumn, singly, in groups, sometimes forming “witch circles”. In forests of various types and thickets. Edible.

Gray talker

Red talker (bent)

The cap is 8-25 cm in diameter, initially convex, bell-shaped, becoming funnel-shaped with age. The edge is thin, rolled up. The colors are pale ocher, beige, pale flesh. The plates are first white, then whitish with a beige tint, dense, thin, extending far onto the stem. The leg is the color of the cap, thick, cylindrical, thicker at the bottom, as a rule, longitudinally grooved and massive. The pulp is whitish to beige. At the break the color remains unchanged. The pulp is hard, cartilaginous in young mushrooms, and fibrous with age. The smell is intense, aromatic, sweetish, reminiscent of almonds, the taste is mild. Spore powder is white.

Grows in light coniferous and deciduous forests, meadows and pastures. Especially on calcareous soils and in damp places.

What does an inverted talker look like (video)

Inedible and poisonous talkers

Among the talkers there are inedible and deadly mushrooms. And if the former are simply, to put it mildly, useless, then the latter can be fatal. Therefore, it doesn’t hurt to find out their description.

Waxy talker

The cap is 3-8 cm in diameter, convex, flat with age, slightly later concave, funnel-shaped. The edge is curled and turned up. The color is whitish, with a gray-cream tint, darker along the edges. Sometimes covered with dirty pink spots. The plates are whitish in color, creamy with age, and dirty yellow in old mushrooms. Quite dense and very narrow, poorly matching. The leg is whitish to dirty ocher in color, cylindrical, sometimes curved. A young mushroom is dense, but with age it becomes empty or “cotton-like.” Mycelium grows densely at the base. The pulp is white or off-white, elastic, hard. The smell is woody, floral, slightly aniseed.. The taste is soft, indefinite. Spore powder is creamy with an orange tint.

It is often found in coniferous and deciduous forests, often under spruce, pine, beech and oak trees, from summer to autumn. Grows in groups on leaf litter. The mushroom is deadly poisonous. Muscarine poisoning.

Waxy talker

Reddish talker

The cap is 2-5 cm in diameter. At first it is convex in shape with curled “brims”, later flat, then a depression is formed in the center, sometimes with a small tubercle at the bottom of the depression. In a young mushroom it is white, as if covered with frost, later with concentric zones of flesh-colored, under a layer of frost, usually pale flesh-colored, smooth. Indistinct spots on the cap are very characteristic of this species. The plates are first white, then dirty white, dense, densely spaced, directly fused. They meet quite low on the stem. The stem is 2-4 cm high, 4-6 mm thick, cylindrical, full, slightly fibrous (in the longitudinal direction). Whitish color with a flesh-colored tint. The pulp is white, elastic, and does not change color after being damaged. The taste is vague, the smell resembles freshly ground flour or a recently cut tree. Spore powder is white.

The mushroom is widespread in Europe, but is also found in North America. Fruiting bodies appear from mid-summer to late autumn, in thickets of grass, in cultivated meadows, pastures, fields, near the road or on the edge of a mixed forest, also under bushes in parks. Can grow alone or in small groups.

Just like waxy talker, it is highly poisonous (muscarine poisoning). Contains quite a lot of muscarine, a poison that affects the nervous system. Symptoms occur 1/4-4 hours after eating. Symptoms: severe sweating, lacrimation, blurred vision, vomiting, colic, gastrointestinal disorders. Severe poisoning can lead to death. The mushroom is extremely dangerous for people with pulmonary insufficiency or heart disease. The first symptoms of poisoning appear within 15-30 minutes after eating mushrooms, and often disappear within 2 hours. Atropine is used as an antidote.

Other names: tucked talker, red talker

Hat (diameter 5-22 cm): matte, red, may fade to pale yellow with brown or rusty spots. Fleshy, bell-shaped, but over time it becomes flatter and then depressed. The edges are folded and there may be a barely noticeable bump in the center. The hat of the folded talker is smooth to the touch.

As you can see in the photo, orange talker(Lepiota aspera) got its name because of its bright color.

Leg (height 6-15 cm): dense and fibrous, cylindrical in shape and tapering from top to bottom. The color is usually either the same as the cap, or a little lighter, darker at the base.

Records: brown or cream.

Pulp: dry, does not change color when cut and when exposed to air. The smell is faint, reminiscent of the aroma of almonds.

Doubles: talkers gigantic (Leucopaxillus giganteus) And whitish(Clitocybe dealbata). The giant one is usually larger and does not have a tubercle in the center of the cap. And on the cap of the very poisonous whitish talker there is a characteristic powdery coating.

Where can I find: on the edges of deciduous or mixed forests.

When it grows: from the beginning of July to mid-October in countries of the Eurasian continent with a temperate climate.

Eating: in any form. This is a tasty mushroom, but experienced mushroom pickers advise using only the caps of young talkers for culinary purposes, as old ones can be tough.

does not apply.

Smoky talker mushroom and its photo

Other name: The talker is smoky gray.

Hat of the smoky talker (Clitocybe nebularis) (diameter 7-23 cm): glossy, usually ashen, dirty yellow or light brown, fades greatly in the sun and can become almost white or light gray. It has the shape of a hemisphere, with a small bulge in the center, and over time it becomes almost prostrate. The edges are usually wavy and uneven. Smooth to the touch.

Leg (height 5-15 cm): smooth or with a slight white coating, slightly lighter in color than the cap.

As you can see in the photo of the smoky talker, the stem of the mushroom is very dense and usually has a strong thickening almost at the very base.

In young mushrooms it is filled with a fibrous substance, while in old ones it is hollow.

Records: usually dirty or light yellow, thin and frequent. They do not grow to the stem and are easily separated from the cap.

Pulp: dense, white in color, which does not change when cut or when exposed to air. The taste can be either sour or very sweet or spicy. And the smell may resemble the acrid smell of rot or the aroma of flowers or fruits.

Doubles: tin entoloma(Entoloma sinuatum), but it has an ocher cap and light pink plates.

When it grows: from early August to mid-November in countries of the Northern Hemisphere with a temperate climate.

Where can I find: in mixed or coniferous forests. It often grows on rotten leaves and branches, near spruce and birch trees, forming “witch circles.”

Eating: Young mushrooms are consumed after preliminary boiling (for about 20 minutes). Insufficient heat treatment can cause a moderate eating disorder. Under no circumstances should it be eaten raw. The talker is considered of little value, as it boils down so much.

Use in folk medicine: traditional healers do not use it. For official medicine, the antibiotic nebularin is produced from mushrooms of this species.

Edible mushroom (Clitocybe odora)

Other names: Aniseed talker, odorous talker.

Hat (diameter 4-9 cm): pale blue, smooth, with a small tubercle. In young mushrooms it is slightly convex, over time it becomes almost prostrate or slightly depressed.

Leg of the fragrant talker (height 3-7 cm): gray or brownish, maybe with a greenish tint. Cylindrical in shape, widens towards the base, where slight pubescence is noticeable.